Child Development

APPENDIX A 449

TABLE 8

Cigarette Smoking: Percentage of Students Who Reported Smoking Cigarettes Daily in the Previous 30 Days by Grade,

Gender, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1980– 1999

Characteristic 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

8th-graders

Total ———7.2 7.0 8.3 8.8 9.3 10.4 9.0 8.8 8.1

Gender

Male ———8.1 6.9 8.8 9.5 9.2 10.5 9.0 8.1 7.4

Female ———6.2 7.2 7.8 8.0 9.2 10.1 8.7 9.0 8.4

Race and

Hispanic origina

White ————7.7 8.8 9.7 10.5 11.7 11.4 10.4 9.7

Black ————1.4 1.8 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.8

Hispanicb ————7.3 7.2 9.0 9.2 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.5

10th-graders

Total ———12.6 12.3 14.2 14.6 16.3 18.3 18.0 15.8 15.9

Gender

Male ———12.4 12.1 13.8 15.2 16.3 18.1 17.2 14.7 15.6

Female ———12.5 12.4 14.3 13.7 16.1 18.6 18.5 16.8 15.9

Race and

Hispanic origina

White ————14.5 15.3 16.5 17.6 20.0 21.4 20.3 19.1

Black ————2.8 3.1 3.8 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.3

Hispanicb ————8.4 8.9 8.1 9.9 11.6 10.8 9.4 9.1

12th-graders

Total 21.3 19.5 19.1 18.5 17.2 19.0 19.4 21.6 22.2 24.6 22.4 23.1

Gender

Male 18.5 17.8 18.6 18.8 17.2 19.4 20.4 21.7 22.2 24.8 22.7 23.6

Female 23.5 20.6 19.3 17.9 16.7 18.2 18.1 20.8 21.8 23.6 21.5 22.2

Race and

Hispanic origina

White 23.9 20.4 21.8 21.5 20.5 21.4 22.9 23.9 25.4 27.8 28.3 26.9

Black 17.4 9.9 5.8 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.9 6.1 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.7

Hispanicb 12.8 11.8 10.9 11.5 12.5 11.8 10.6 11.6 12.9 14.0 13.6 14.0

— = not available

a Estimates for race and Hispanic origin represent the mean of the specified year and the previous year. Data have been combined to increase subgroup sample sizes,

thus providing more stable estimates.

bPersons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

SOURCE:Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., and Bachman, J.G. (1999). National survey results on drug use from the Monitoring the Future Study,

1975 – 1998 (NIH Publication No. 99-4660). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Institute for Social

Research, University of Michigan. Table 2-2. Data are from the study, Monitoring the Future, University of Michigan. Press release of December

17, 1999, and unpublished data from Monitoring the Future, University of Michigan.

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