Child Development

APPENDIX A 463

TABLE 25

Percentage of Children by Type of Care Arrangement for Children from Birth through 3rd Grade by Children and Family

Characteristics, 1995 and 1999

Type of nonparental care arrangement

Care in a homea

Parental care Total in Center-based

Characteristic only nonparental careb By a relative By a nonrelative programc

1995 1999 1995 1999 1995 1999 1995 1999 1995 1999

Total 49 46 51 54 20 23 15 14 23 27

Age/grade in school

Ages 0– 251495051232519171216

Ages 3–6, not yet 26 23 74 77 19 23 17 16 55 59

in kindergarten

Kindergarten 56 52 44 49 18 19 14 13 16 22

1st–3rd grade 62 57 38 43 18 21 10 9 13 18

Race and Hispanic origin

White, non-Hispanic 49 48 51 52 17 19 17 16 24 28

Black, non-Hispanic 40 34 60 66 31 35 10 11 27 35

Hispanicd 58 53 42 47 23 24 10 11 13 19

Other 49 42 51 58 22 29 11 12 25 29

Poverty status

Below poverty 56 50 44 50 23 27 9 10 18 23

At or above poverty 46 45 54 55 19 21 17 15 25 29

Mothers’s highest level of education e

Less than high school graduate 67 59 33 41 18 22 6 9 13 17

High school gradrate/GED 51 48 49 52 22 27 13 11 19 23

Vocational/technical 44 43 56 57 22 23 17 16 25 29

or some college

College graduate 40 43 60 57 14 15 22 17 34 34

Mother’s employment statuse

35 hours or more per 22 22 78 78 32 34 25 21 33 37

week

Less that 35 hours per 42 45 58 55 25 25 19 17 24 26

week

Looking for work 64 60 36 40 15 21 4 6 20 21

Not in the labor force 76 75 24 25 7 7 4 4 15 18

aRelative and nonrelative care can take place in either the child’s own home or another home.

bSome children participate in more than one type of nonparental care arrangement. Thus, details do not sum to the total percentage of children in nonparental care.

cCenter-based programs include day care centers, prekindergartens, Nursery schools, Head Start programs, and other early childhood education programs.

dPersons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

eChildren without a mother in the home are excluded from estimates of mother’s highest level of education and mother’s employment status.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey.

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