HOWYOUCANOBSERVECOAGULATIONGather these materials: Powdered potassiumaluminumsulfate(AI2(S04)a.
K2S04);a smallamountof clay; somesand; 2 funnels;filterpaper;anupright
standand 2 ringsupports;and 4 pintjars.
Follow this procedure:Arrangethe stand,ringsupports,andfunnels lined
with filterpaperas shown in thediagram.PutaboutI inchofsand in each of the
funnels. Mix2/3of a cupful ofwater and 2 teaspoonfuls of clay in onejar.
Makea similar mixture in theotherjar,butadd also 2 teaspoonfulsofpotassium
aluminumsulfate. Stirbothmixtures. Poureach mixturethrougha different
funnelintoclean pintjars.Comparethe liquidsthatyou catch in the pintjars.
Results:Thepotassiumaluminumsulfatemade the smallparticles ofclay
sticktogethersothatthey filteredoutas if they were much larger. The particles
in the liquid withoutthe potassiumaluminumsulfate gotthroughthe filter
muchmoreeasily. In places where thewaterpassesthrougha clayey type of
soil, thewaterdepartmentuses this process.
HOW YOU CAN DISTILL WATER
Gather these materials:A pyrex flask; a l-holedrubberstopperorcork;a
lO-inch piece of glasstubing;a clean pintjar;a largepotor bowlthatwill
easily hold the pintjar;a trayfulof icecubes;a glassrod;analcoholburner;
an uprightstandand clamp;3 cups;coppersulfatecrystals(CuS04);sodium
chloride(NaCl);and sucrose(C12H22011)'
Follow this procedure: Mixt cup ofwater with Iteaspoonful of sucrose.
Mixtcup of water with 1 teaspoonfulofsodiumchloride.Mixtcup of warm
waterwith 1 teaspoonfulofcoppersulfate crystals.Notethecolorof thethird
solution.Nowpourall threesolutionsinto the pyrex flask.Arrangetheappara-
tus as thediagramshows.Youwill have to bend the glasstubingin two places.
Put some ice cubes into the pot or bowl and add some water. This will keep the
temperature at a more constantlevel. Then putthe pintjarinto the bowl.
Place thealcoholburnerunderthe flask, andbringthemixtureto a slow boil.