Orphans and Vulnerable Children - CRIN

Sexual Abuse of Children

Handout 4 - Module 1 Topic 4

Possible signs of sexual abuse in children

The following list of possible signs of sexual abuse do not mean that sexual abuse

has absolutely occurred, but such signs must not be ignored. If a home visitor

or guardian thinks that a child displays the signs of possible sexual abuse, they

should contact the CCC who should have a mechanism in place for child

protection, psychosocial and medical support, and referrals. Under no

circumstances should home visitors try to determine sexual abuse on their own.

If they do so, this could be considered further abuse of a child’s rights and dignity

and may be against the law. Only a person qualified to physically examine a child,

should be allowed to do so.

Physical Signs (girls):

• Tearing, unusual bleeding and discharge (pus) from the vagina


• Pain in the area of the vagina


• Need for frequent urination (which could indicate an infection).

Physical Signs (boys and girls):

• Tearing of and bleeding from the anus (child’s bottom)


• Pain in area of the anus.

Behavioural changes in boys and girls:

• Depression, withdrawing and loss of interest in life


• Difficulty in sleeping and nightmares


• Over- and under-eating and sudden weight gain or loss


• Clinging to other people


• Frequent crying for no obvious reason


• Doing less well at school or avoiding school


• Staying away from people or not trusting people


• Washing too often or not at all


• Seeking attention


• Self-destructive behaviour


• Sexual knowledge and sexual behaviour not normal in a child.

Guide to Mobilising and Strengthening Community-Led Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Appendix 1, Handouts^309