Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Sympathetic

EyeCiliary ganglion

Parasympathetic

Salivary

glands

Pons

Otic

ganglion

Vagus nerve

Pterygopalatine

ganglion

Submandibular

ganglion

Midbrain

III

Medulla

VII

IX

Trachea

Preganglionic

neuron

Preganglionic neurons

Postganglionic

neuron

Postganglionic

neurons

Celiac ganglion

Adrenal gland

Chain of

sympathetic

ganglia

Inferior

mesenteric

ganglion

Kidney

Pancreas

Superior

mesenteric

ganglion

Large

intestine

Bronchioles

Heart

Stomach

Small

intestine

Colon

Rectum

Reproductive

organs

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

T8

T9

T10

T11

T12

L1

L2

S2

S3

S4

X

Bladder

Figure 8–12. The autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic division is shown on the

left, and the parasympathetic division is shown on the right (both divisions are bilateral).

QUESTION:Do both or just one division of the ANS supply the heart? What is the purpose

of this arrangement?

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