Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

196

CHAPTER 9

Chapter Outline

Sensory Pathway
Characteristics of Sensations
Cutaneous Senses
Referred Pain
Muscle Sense
Sense of Taste
Sense of Smell
Hunger and Thirst
The Eye
Eyelids and the Lacrimal Apparatus
Eyeball
Layers of the eyeball
Cavities of the eyeball
Physiology of Vision
The Ear
Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Cochlea
Utricle and saccule
Semicircular canals
Arterial Receptors
Aging and the Senses

BOX9–1 CATARACTS

BOX9–2 GLAUCOMA

BOX9–3 ERRORS OF REFRACTION

BOX9–4 NIGHT BLINDNESS AND COLOR BLINDNESS

BOX9–5 DEAFNESS

BOX9–6 MOTION SICKNESS

Student Objectives

• Explain the general purpose of sensations.


• Name the parts of a sensory pathway, and state the
  function of each.


• Describe the characteristics of sensations.


• Name the cutaneous senses, and explain their
  purpose.


• Explain referred pain and its importance.


• Explain the importance of muscle sense.


• Describe the pathways for the senses of taste and
  smell, and explain how these senses are inter-
  related.


• Name the parts of the eye and their functions.


• Describe the physiology of vision.


• Name the parts of the ear and their functions.


• Describe the physiology of hearing.


• Describe the physiology of equilibrium.


• Explain the importance of the arterial presso-
  receptors and chemoreceptors.