Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

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CHAPTER 12

Chapter Outline

Location and Pericardial Membranes
Chambers—Vessels and Valves
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Coronary Vessels
Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds
Cardiac Conduction Pathway
Heart Rate
Cardiac Output
Regulation of Heart Rate
Aging and the Heart

BOX12–1 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

BOX12–2 HEART MURMUR

BOX12–3 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

BOX12–4 ARRHYTHMIAS

Student Objectives

• Describe the location of the heart, the pericardial
  membranes, and the endocardium.


• Name the chambers of the heart and the vessels
  that enter or leave each.


• Name the valves of the heart, and explain their
  functions.


• Describe coronary circulation, and explain its pur-
  pose.


• Describe the cardiac cycle.


• Explain how heart sounds are created.


• Name the parts of the cardiac conduction pathway,
  and explain why it is the sinoatrial node that initi-
  ates each beat.


• Explain stroke volume, cardiac output, and
  Starling’s law of the heart.


• Explain how the nervous system regulates heart
  rate and force of contraction.