Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

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CHAPTER 16

Chapter Outline

Divisions of the Digestive System
Types of Digestion
End Products of Digestion
Oral Cavity
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Structural Layers of the Alimentary Tube
Mucosa
Submucosa
External Muscle Layer
Serosa
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Completion of Digestion and Absorption
Small Intestine
Absorption
Large Intestine
Elimination of Feces
Other Functions of the Liver
Aging and the Digestive System

BOX16–1 DISORDERS OF THE STOMACH

BOX16–2 GALLSTONES

BOX16–3 DISORDERS OF THE INTESTINES

BOX16–4 INFANT BOTULISM

BOX16–5 FIBER

BOX16–6 HEPATITIS

Student Objectives

• Describe the general functions of the digestive
  system, and name its major divisions.


• Explain the difference between mechanical and
  chemical digestion, and name the end products of
  digestion.


• Describe the structure and functions of the teeth
  and tongue.


• Explain the functions of saliva.


• Describe the location and function of the pharynx
  and esophagus.


• Describe the structure and function of each of the
  four layers of the alimentary tube.


• Describe the location, structure, and function of
  the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and
  pancreas.


• Describe absorption in the small intestine.


• Describe the location and functions of the large
  intestine.


• Explain the functions of the normal flora of the
  colon.


• Describe the functions of the liver.