Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

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CHAPTER 17

Chapter Outline

Body Temperature
Heat Production
Heat Loss
Heat loss through the skin
Heat loss through the respiratory tract
Heat loss through the urinary and digestive tracts
Regulation of Body Temperature
Mechanisms to increase heat loss
Mechanisms to conserve heat
Fever
Metabolism
Cell Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs citric acid cycle
Cytochrome transport system
Proteins and fats as energy sources
Energy available from the three nutrient types
Synthesis Uses of Foods
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Vitamins and Minerals
Metabolic Rate
Aging and Metabolism

BOX17–1 HEAT-RELATED DISORDERS

BOX17–2 COLD-RELATED DISORDERS

BOX17–3 KETOSIS

BOX17–4 METABOLIC RATE

BOX17–5 WEIGHT LOSS

BOX17–6 LEPTIN AND BODY-MASS INDEX

Student Objectives

• State the normal range of human body tempera-
  ture.


• Explain how cell respiration produces heat and the
  factors that affect heat production.


• Describe the pathways of heat loss through the
  skin and respiratory tract.


• Explain why the hypothalamus is called the “ther-
  mostat” of the body.


• Describe the mechanisms to increase heat loss.


• Describe the mechanisms to conserve heat.


• Explain how a fever is caused and its advantages
  and disadvantages.


• Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism.


• Describe what happens to a glucose molecule dur-
  ing the three stages of cell respiration.


• State what happens to each of the products of cell
  respiration.


• Explain how amino acids and fats may be used for
  energy production.


• Describe the synthesis uses for glucose, amino
  acids, and fats.


• Explain what is meant by metabolic rate and kilo-
  calories.


• Describe the factors that affect a person’s meta-
  bolic rate.