Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

532

APPENDIX C

Normal Values for Some

Commonly Used Blood Tests

Test Normal Value Clinical Significance of Variations

Albumin

Bilirubin—Total

Direct

Indirect

Calcium

Chloride

Cholesterol

HDL cholesterol

LDL cholesterol

Clotting time

Creatinine

Globulins

Glucose

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

Pco 2

pH

Po 2

Phosphorus

Platelet count

Potassium

Prothrombin time

Red blood cell count

Reticulocyte count

Sodium

Urea nitrogen (BUN)

Uric acid

White blood cell count

3.5–5.5 g/100 mL

0.3–1.4 mg/100 mL

0.1–0.4 mg/100 mL

0.2–1.0 mg/100 mL

4.3–5.3 mEq/liter

95–108 mEq/liter

140–199 mg/100 mL

29–77 mg/100 mL

130 mg/100 mL

5–10 minutes

0.6–1.5 mg/100 mL

2.3–3.5 g/100 mL

70–110 mg/100 mL

38%–48%

12–18 g/100 mL

35–45 mmHg

7.35–7.45

75–100 mmHg

1.8–4.1 mEq/liter

150,000–300,000/L

3.5–5.0 mEq/liter

11–15 seconds

4.5–6.0 million/L

0.5%–1.5%

136–142 mEq/liter

8–25 mg/100 mL

3.0–7.0 mg/100 mL

5000–10,000/L

• Decreases: kidney disease, severe burns


• Increases: liver disease, rapid RBC destruction, biliary obstruction


• Increases: hyperparathyroidism


• Decreases: hypoparathyroidism, severe diarrhea, malnutrition


• Decreases: severe diarrhea, severe burns, ketoacidosis


• Increases: hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus


• Increases: liver disease


• Increases: kidney disease


• Increases: chronic infections


• Increases: diabetes mellitus, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy


• Increases: dehydration, polycythemia


• Decreases: anemia, hemorrhage


• Increases: polycythemia, high altitude, chronic pulmonary disease


• Decreases: anemia, hemorrhage


• Increases: pulmonary disease


• Decreases: acidosis, diarrhea, kidney disease


• Increases: hyperventilation, metabolic alkalosis


• Decreases: ketoacidosis, severe diarrhea, hypoventilation


• Decreases: anemia, pulmonary disease


• Increases: kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism


• Decreases: hyperparathyroidism


• Decreases: leukemia, aplastic anemia


• Increases: severe cellular destruction


• Decreases: diarrhea, kidney disease


• Increases: liver disease, vitamin K deficiency


• Increases: polycythemia, dehydration


• Decreases: anemia, hemorrhage, leukemia


• Increases: anemia, following hemorrhage


• Increases: dehydration


• Decreases: kidney disease, diarrhea, severe burns


• Increases: kidney disease, high-protein diet


• Increases: kidney disease, gout, leukemia


• Increases: acute infection, leukemia


• Decreases: aplastic anemia, radiation sickness

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