CHAPTER THREE: TRIALS AND TRIBULATION
1 “We’re going to keep all you niggers”... McMillian v. Johnson, Case No. 93 - A- 699 - N, P.
Exh. 12 , Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant’s Motion for Summary
Judgment ( 1994 ).
2 “At 8 : 40 P.M., a third charge of electricity”... Glass v. Louisiana, 471 U.S. 1080 ( 1985 ),
denying cert. to 455 So. 2 d 659 (La. 1984 ) (J. Brennan, dissenting).
3 In 1987 , all forty ... Ruth E. Friedman, “Statistics and Death: The Conspicuous Role of
Race Bias in the Administration of Death Penalty,” Berkeley Journal of African-American
Law and Policy 4 ( 1999 ): 75. See also Danielle L. McGuire and John Dittmer, Freedom
Rights: New Perspectives on the Civil Rights Movement (Lexington: University of Kentucky,
2011 ).
4 In 1945 , the Supreme Court upheld a Texas statute ... Akins v. Texas, 325 U.S. 398
( 1945 ).
5 Local jury commissions used statutory requirements ... David Cole, “Judgment and
Discrimination,” in No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System
(New York: New Press, 1999 ), 101 – 31.
6 In the 1970 s, the Supreme Court ruled ... Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357 ( 1979 ); Taylor
v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522 ( 1975 ).
7 In the mid- 1960 s, the Court held ... Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 ( 1965 ).
8 The practice of striking all ...“Illegal Racial Discrimination in Jury Selection: A
Continuing Legacy,” Equal Justice Initiative ( 2009 ), available at http://www.eji.org/files/
EJI% 20 Race% 20 and% 20 Jury% 20 Report.pdf, accessed April 30 , 2014.
