Victimization,” Journal of Applied Psychology 95 (2010): 889–901.
revealed his skills: Sabrina Deutsch Salamon and Yuval Deutsch, “OCB as a Handicap: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective,”
Journal of Organizational Behavior 27 (2006): 185–199.
idiosyncrasy credits: Edwin P. Hollander, “Conformity, Status, and Idiosyncrasy Credit,” Psychological Review 65 (1958): 117–127;
see also Charlie L. Hardy and Mark Van Vugt, “Nice Guys Finish First: The Competitive Altruism Hypothesis,” Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin 32 (2006): 1402–1413.
Berkeley sociologist: Robb Willer, “Groups Reward Individual Sacrifice: The Status Solution to the Collective Action Problem,”
American Sociological Review 74 (2009): 23–43.
givers get extra credit: Adam M. Grant, Sharon Parker, and Catherine Collins, “Getting Credit for Proactive Behavior: Supervisor
Reactions Depend on What You Value and How You Feel,” Personnel Psychology 62 (2009): 31–55.
study of Slovenian companies: Matej Cerne, Christina Nerstad, Anders Dysvik, and Miha Škerlavaj, “What Goes Around Comes
Around: Knowledge Hiding, Perceived Motivational Climate, and Creativity,” Academy of Management Journal (forthcoming).
Jonas Salk: David Oshinsky, Polio: An American Story (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 205–206 and 208.
“evil father figure”: Douglas Heuck, “A Talk with Salk Sheds Wisdom,” Pittsburgh Quarterly, Winter 2006.
rare comments about the incident: Academy of Achievement, “Jonas Salk Interview,” May 16, 1991, accessed March 15, 2012,
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/sal0int-4, and Paul Offit, The Cutter Incident: How America’s First Polio Vaccine
Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 57.
Peter Salk: Luis Fábregas, “Salk’s Son Extends Olive Branch to Polio Team,” Pittsburgh Tribune, April 13, 2005.
responsibility bias: Michael Ross and Fiore Sicoly, “Egocentric Biases in Availability and Attribution,” Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology 37 (1979): 322–336.
top words: Mark Peters and Daniel O’Brien, “From Cromulent to Craptacular: The Top 12 Simpsons Created Words,” Cracked.com,
July 23, 2007; and Ben Zimmer, “The ‘Meh’ Generation: How an Expression of Apathy Invaded America,” Boston Globe,
February 26, 2012.
reflect on each member’s contributions: Eugene M. Caruso, Nicholas Epley, and Max H. Bazerman, “The Costs and Benefits of
Undoing Egocentric Responsibility Assessments in Groups,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91 (2006): 857–
871.
recognize what other people contribute: Michael McCall, “Orientation, Outcome, and Other-Serving Attributions,” Basic and
Applied Social Psychology 17 (1995): 49–64.
psychological safety: Amy Edmondson, “Learning from Mistakes is Easier Said Than Done: Group and Organizational Influences on
the Detection and Correction of Human Error,” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 32 (1996): 5–28; and “Psychological
Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,” Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1999): 350–383.
major role in innovation: David Obstfeld, “Social Networks, the Tertius Iungens Orientation, and Involvement in Innovation,”
Administrative Science Quarterly 50 (2005): 100–130.
perspective gap: Loran F. Nordgren, Mary-Hunter Morris McDonnell, and George Loewenstein, “What Constitutes Torture?
Psychological Impediments to an Objective Evaluation of Enhanced Interrogation Tactics,” Psychological Science 22 (2011):
689–694.
San Francisco hospital: Robert Burton, “Pathological Certitude,” in Pathological Altruism, ed. Barbara Oakley et al. (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2011), 131–137; Natalie Angier, “The Pathological Altruist Gives Till Someone Hurts,” New York Times,
October 3, 2011; and personal interview with Burton (February 23, 2012).
put themselves in other people’s shoes: Adam M. Grant and James Berry, “The Necessity of Others Is the Mother of Invention:
Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivations, Perspective-Taking, and Creativity,” Academy of Management Journal 54 (2011): 73–96.
registry gifts and unique gifts: Francesca Gino and Francis J. Flynn, “Give Them What They Want: The Benefits of Explicitness in
Gift Exchange,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47 (2011): 915–922.
tend to stay within our own frames of reference: C. Daniel Batson, Shannon Early, and Giovanni Salvarani, “Perspective Taking:
Imagining How Another Feels Versus Imagining How You Would Feel,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23
(1997): 751–758.
goldfish crackers over broccoli: Betty Repacholi and Alison Gopnik, “Early Reasoning about Desires: Evidence from 14- and 18-
Month-Olds,” Developmental Psychology 33 (1997): 12–21.”
younger siblings: Beatrice Whiting and John Whiting, Children of Six Cultures: A Psycho-Cultural Analysis (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1975), David Winter, “The Power Motive in Women—and Men,” Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 54 (1988): 510–519; Frank J. Sulloway, Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives (New
York: Vintage Books, 1997); and Paul A. M. Van Lange, Wilma Otten, Ellen M. N. De Bruin, and Jeffrey A. Joireman,
“Development of Prosocial, Individualistic, and Competitive Orientations: Theory and Preliminary Evidence,” Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology 73 (1997): 733–746.
“It is amazing”: de St. Aubin, 405.
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