Sustainable Agriculture and Food: Four volume set (Earthscan Reference Collections)

Table 19.3

(continued)

Ethiopia

Mali

Zimbabwe

Policy context

Policy impacts

Policy context

Policy impacts

Policy context

Policy impacts

Land reform and resettlement

In past forced resettlement and villagization carried out; currently some discussion of further land reorganization.

Uncertainty over future intentions results in insecurity.

Uncertainty regarding rights and roles of CRs and village-level structures.

Future tensions and confusion likely between powers of CRs and customary structures at village level.

Land reform has been a central pillar of post-independence policy, but until 2000–2001 limited progress had been made.

Land reform and resettlement has had limited impact on farmers in most communal areas.

Decentrali-zation

Regionalization a central policy thrust.

Opportunities for tailored regional programmes and policies, although limited capacities and continued influence of national directives undermine options.

Process of preparation over last 5 years, elections held May 1999. Heavy donor pressure, political control and service delivery the main reasons for decentralization.

Too early to judge. Clarity needed regarding CPR management, rights and roles of CRs and village-level structures.

Decentralization to rural district councils has been ongoing since the 1980s. Lower level development committees at village and ward level were established.

Much of the process of decentralization has involved deconcentration, with resulting reductions in services offered at local level. Village and district authorities have relatively little authority and influence.