478 Modern Agricultural Reforms
Table 19.1Status of development and use of biotechnology techniques in Southern African Development Community countries, 2002Areas of applicationTechniques/categoryAngolaBotswanaDemocratic Republic of CongoLesothoTissue culture (TC)Little is knownUsed on a limited basis for root and tuber cropsLittle is knownUsed in Irish potato production and micropropagationGenetic modification (GM)Little is knownLimited research is being done at the University of Botswana. No field trials have been approvedLittle is knownNoneFermentation technologyLittle is knownUsed in the brewing industryLittle is knownNoneMarker-assisted selectionLittle is knownNoneLittle is knownNoneArtificial Insemination and embryo transferLittle is knownUsed in livestock breedingLittle is knownNoneMolecular diagnostics and molecular markersLittle is knownUsed on a limited basis in plant and animal disease diagnosisLittle is knownNone; serological techniques are still being usedBiological nitrogen fixationLittle is knownUsed mainly through integration of legumes in cropping systemsLittle is knownUsed for legumes onlyManpower trainingLittle is knownTraining is offered in other natural science modules at the University of BotswanaLittle is knownUndergraduate and graduate training is done in natural and agricultural science (National University of Lesotho)