Ecological Basis for Low-Toxicity Integrated Pest Management 199
Matteson P C, Gallagher K D and Kenmore P E. 1994. Extension of integrated pest management for
planthoppers in Asian irrigated rice: Empowering the user. In Denno R F and Perfect T J (eds).
Ecology and Management of Planthoppers. Chapman and Hall, London, 656–668
Morrill W L. 1997. Feeding behavior of Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) in rice. Recent Research Developments
in Entomology 1, 11–14
Morse S and Buhler W. 1997. Integrated Pest Management: Ideals and Realities in Developing Countries,
Lynne Rienner, Boulder
Murphy H H, Sanusi A, Dilts R, Djajadisastra M, Hirschhorn N and Yuliatingsih S. 1999. Health
effects of pesticide use among Indonesian women farmers: Part 1. Exposure and acute health
effects. Journal of Agromedicine 6, 61–85
Ooi P A C. 1988. Ecology and Surveillance of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) – Implications for its Manage-
ment in Malaysia. PhD dissertation, University of Malaya
Ooi P A C and Shepard B M. 1994. Predators and parasitoids of rice insect pests. In Heinrichs E A
(ed). Biology and Management of Rice Insects, Wiley Eastern Limited, 585–612
Ooi P A C, Warsiyah Nanang Budiyanto and Nguyen Van Son. 2001. Farmer scientists in IPM: A case
of technology diffusion. In Mew T W, Borromeo E and Hardy B (eds). Exploiting Biodiversity for
Sustainable Pest Management, Proceedings of the Impact Symposium on Exploiting Biodiversity
for Sustainable Pest Management, 21–23 August 2000, Kunming, China. Makati City (Philip-
pines), International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, 207–215
Ponting C. 1991. A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations.
Penguin Books, London
Pretty J N and Ward H. 2001. Social capital and the environment. World Development 29(2), 209–
227
Rombach M C and Gallagher K D. 1994. The brown planthopper: Promises, problems and prospects.
In Heinrichs E A (ed). Biology and Management of Rice Insects, Wiley Eastern Limited, 693–711
Rubia E G, Heong K L, Zalucki M, Gonzales B and Norton G A. 1996. Mechanisms of compensation
of rice plants to yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) injury. Crop Protection 15,
335–340
Settle W H and Whitten M J. 2000. Plenary Lecture: The Role of Small Scale Farmers in Strengthen-
ing the Link between Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity. In The XXIst Congress of Entomol-
ogy, Iguassu, Brazil, August 2000
Settle W H, Ariawan H, Tri Astuti E, Cahyana W, Hakim A L, Hindayana D, Sri Lestari A and Pajarn-
ingsih. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and
alternative prey. Ecology 77(7), 1975–1988
Shepard B M and Ooi P A C. 1991. Techniques for evaluating predators and parasitoids in rice. In
Heinrichs E A and Miller T A (eds). Rice Insects: Management Strategies, Springer-Verlag, New
York. 197–214
Shepard B M and Shepard E F. 1997. IPM Research, Development and Training Activities for Palawija
Crops in Indonesia. Final Report, 1 October 1995–15 October. Clemson University – Institut
Pertanian Bogor. Clemson University, SC
Shepard B M, Justo H D, Rubia E G and Estano D B. 1990. Response of the rice plant to damage by
the rice whorl maggot, Hydriella philippina Ferino (Diptera: Ephydridae). Journal of Plant Protec-
tion in the Tropics 7, 173–177
Shepard B M, Shepard E F, Carner G R, Hammig M D, Rauf A and Turnipseed S G. 2001. Integrated
pest management reduces pesticides and production costs of vegetables and soybean in Indonesia:
Field studies with local farmers. Journal of Agromedicine 7(3), 31–66
Smith B D. 1995. The Emergence of Agriculture. Scientific American Library, New York
Sodavy P, Sitha M, Nugent R and Murphy H. 2000. Farmers’ Awareness and Perceptions of the effect
of Pesticides on their Health. FAO-IPM, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (unpublished)
Sogawa K, Kilin D and Bhagiawati A H. 1984. Characterization of the brown plant-hopper popula-
tion on IR42 in North Sumatra, Indonesia. International Rice Research Newsletter 9(1), 25