nationality adjective, 100
negation, negative, 24, 38-9,
149-57,200,253-4,258,302
negative concord, 156
negative orientation, 154-5
neo-classical compound, 284
neuter, 103-5
never-attributive adjective, 120
new information, 242-3, 251, 253,
258,302
nominal, 83-4, 95-6, 183, 302
nominative, 5, 67-8, 75, 105-7,
165-6,190,205,210,303
non-affirmative context/item, 40--1,
154-5,198,303
non-basic coordination, 234-7
non-canonical clause, 24-7
non-count noun, 85-8, 169, 199
non-finite, 36-7, 96, 174,204-22,
303
non-gradable, 118
non-personal (gender), 99, 190, 303
non-restrictive, 188
non-scalar comparison, 200
non-standard, 2, 4, 124n, 156,279
non-verbal negation, 151-4
non-wh relative, 184-5, 189,212
noun, noun phrase, 12-17,82-110,
113-15,277-80,303
noun clause, 176n
nucleus, 255
number, 31, 82, 85-90, 93, 249n,
303
object, 23, 64-8, 70-6, 140,303
objective predicative complement, 76
oblique genitive, I 10
old information, 242-3, 251, 253,
258,303
open category, 122
open conditional, 47, 303
open interrogative/question, 159-62,
164-9, 175, 178-81,303
ordinal numeral, 100
paradigm, 29-30, 303
participle, 32
particle, 144
partitive fused head, 97-9, 114, 117,
259-60,303
parts of speech, 16-22
passive, 26, 33, 71, 75, 217-22,
238-47,304
past tense, 6-8, 30, 43, 304
past-participial, past participle, 20,
33,96,116,135-6,204,214,
274-7,304
perfect, 33, 43-4, 48-51, 304
perfective, 42-5, 52, 304
pe�on,31,88, 102,304
personal (gender), 96, 166, 190,304
personal pronoun, 102-8, 210, 255,
259,304
phonological modification, 285
phrasal verb, 146n
phrase, 13, 16,22-3
plain case, 105, 107, 304
plain form (of verb), 31-2, 35, 304
plain grade, 112, 280
plain present tense, 31, 35, 304
plural, 15, 17,82-3,85-90,92,
102-3, 112-13, 115, 169-70, 199,
259,266-7,272-3,277-9
plural-only noun, 85-6, 266
polar question, 163
polarity, 24, 149,304
polarity-sensitive, 154-5
positive, 24
positive orientation, 154
possessive, 109
postposing, 256-7
postpositive, 121
predicand,76, 119, 134,304
predicate, 12-14,63-5,304
predicative (adjective, etc,), 18, 112,
305
predicative adjunct, 119, 134, 305
predicative complement, 23, 73-8,
119, 123-4, 135, 140, 190,305
predicator, 63-5, 305
prefix, 27,284,305
preposing, 26, 73, 230, 256-7, 305
preposition, preposition phrase, 16,
20,94,96,127-47,176,179,
222-3,230,305
prepositional idiom, 146-7
prepositional passive, 244-5
prepositional verb, 142-4,244,305
prescriptive grammar, 4-5, 56, 75,
90, 105-7, 138, 156, 191, 197,
202,206,209,232,247,249n
present perfect, 48-9
presentational, 251
presupposition, 179, 253
preterite, 17,30-1,33,46-50,57-8,
274-7,305
primary tense, 42, 44-8, 205, 305
primary term (in comparison), 196
primary verb-form, 30, 39, 59, 152,
305
productivity, 287-8
pro-form, 258-61
progressive, 41, 51-3, 305
pronoun, 17,84, 100-8,259,305Index 311proper noun, 17,84-5, 189,305
prototype, 22
present tense, 31, 44-6, 273-4, 305
pseudo-cleft, 221, 254, 305
punctuation, 187question, 159-68raised subject/object, 216-22
reciprocal pronoun, 108, 305
reduction, 258-61
reflexive pronoun, 104-6, 108,306
regular, 33, 268-9, 306
relative clause, 25, 83, 96, 143,
174-5,183-92,212,229-30,306
relative phrase, 186
relative pronoun, 183, 306
relativised element, 185-7, 191,
306
remote conditional, 47, 57, 306
replacement phrase, 166
reported speech, 47-8
response, 162
restrictive relative, 188
reversed polarity tag, 150, 154,306
right dislocation, 255
right nonce-constituent coordination,
235-6
rules of grammar, 5scope of negation, 156-7, 170-1,
240,306
secondary term (in comparison),
196
secondary tense, 42, 306
secondary verb-form, 30, 39, 59,
204,306
semantics, 6
sentence, 12, 160-1
set comparison, 195-7
sexist use of he, 104
shape, shape sharing, 30, 33, 266,
274,306
short passive, 243
sibilant, 267, 272
simple catenative, 215-20
simple fused head, 97-9, 114,
259-60,306
simple sentence, 12n
simple word, 281
singular, 15, 17,23,31,74,82-3,85,
87-90,102,112-15,117,169,
199,277,279
singular-only noun, 85-6
situation, 17, 43, 306
source, 142
speaker, 101-3