60 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood
Exercises- For some but not all of the following verb lex-
ernes, the preterite and past participle fonns
have distinct shapes. Say for each whether the
shapes are the same or different, and make up
examples to show that you are right.
burn vi forget
ii buy vii hold
iii draw viii ride
iv drink ix run
v fall x sing - The underlined verbs below are fonns of
lexemes whose preterite and past partici-
pie have the same shape. Use the substitu-
tion test to detennine which fonn occurs in
these instances, citing the evidence you use.
I don 't think they found anything
suspicious. 5.
ii That's not the edition I recommended.
iii She wasn't one of those arrested.
iv Do you think we'll get charged?
v Haven't you seen the mess they made?
vi Get it repaired without delay.
vii Who said it was mine?
viii I don 't want anyone hurt.
ix I met him on a Monday.
x I don 't believe we've met. - Detennine whether the underlined verbs
below are plain forms or plain present 6.
tense fonns. Again, present the evidence
on which you base your decision.
i The twins, he says, seem quite
distraught.
ii It would be best not to my. anything
about it.
iii He thinks they didn't like him.
iv They wouldn't help me change the tyre.
v Let's gQ to the movies.
VI We have written to the editor.
vii They appreciate what you're doing
fo r them.
viii Te ll me what you want.
ix I doubt whether you really know her. 7.
x Do you know what time it is? - The verb beware (as in Beware of the dog)
is highly exceptional in its inflection.
Construct example sentences containing
the following kinds of clause with a fonn
of beware as verb, marking the ones that
turn out to be ungrammatical with *.
a clause with 3rd person singular
subject and present tense verb;
ii a clause with plural subject and
present tense verb;
iii an imperative clause;
iv a subjunctive clause;
v an infinitival clause;
vi a gerund-participial clause;
vii a past-participial clause.
On the basis of your data give a paradigm
for beware, leaving blank any position where
the inflectional fonn is missing for this verb.
Classify the underlined clauses below as
finite or non-finite.
Everyone arrested at the demonstration
has now been released.
ii It is essential that he cOll1/l.lete the course.
iii I think thO'. ma)! not have read the
instructions.
iv Having been through a similar
experience m)!selt I sympathise.
v I'd advise you not to take it too seriousl)!.
vi Hurry up. or we 'll be late.
Change the following declarative clauses
into interrogatives, write out the result,
and say on this basis whether the under-
lined verbs are auxiliaries or lexical verbs.
They were informed of the change.
ii She would rather we met later.
iii They ought to accept the offe r.
iv They used to live together.
v We have to keep them informed.
vi They need to replace the cartridge.
vii I should info rm the police.
viii They had it repaired.
ix Yo u usually help clear up.
x They keep telling her that.
Use the two negation tests to determine
the status of the underlined verbs as auxil-
iaries or lexical verbs. Cite the evidence
on which you base your answer.