Douze ans de ma vie in Revue de Paris, November 1926, January 1927.
Josephine's extended affair with Hippolyte Charles can be followed in
Louis Hastier, Le Grand Amour de Josephine (Paris 1955). See also Andre
Gavoty, Les Amoureux de l'imperatrice Josephine (1961) and Andre
Castelot, Josephine (Paris 1964).
CHAPTER EIGHTNapoleon's military genius is exhaustively analysed in David Chandler,
The Campaigns of Napoleon (1966). This is highly laudatory and can
usefully be contrasted with Owen Connelly, Blundering to Glory.
Napoleon's Military Campaigns (Wilmington, Delaware 1987). On military
strategy, tactics and technology there is a plethora of works: G.
Rothenberg, The Art ofWarfiu·e in the Age of Napoleon (1977); M. Glover,
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon (198o); R. Q!.Iimby, The Background to
Napoleonic Warfore (N.Y. 1957); R. Johnson, Napoleonic Armies: a
Wargamer's Campaign Directory, 1805-1815 (1984); 0. von Pivka, Armies
of the Napoleonic Era (Newton Abbott 1979); G. Jeffrey, Tactics and
Grand Tactics of the Napoleonic Wars (NY 1982).
On the looting in Italy Charles Saunier, Les Conquetes artistiques de Ia
Revolution et de !'Empire (Paris 1902) is useful, and even more so is F.
Boyer, 'Les responsabilites de Napoleon dans le transfert a Paris des
CEuvres d'art de l'etranger', Revue d'Histoire moderne et contemporaine
(1964) pp.241-62. On Napoleon's plans for Italian confederation and
unity see P. Gaffarel, Bonaparte et les Republiques italiennes 17 96-1 799
(Paris 1895) and J. Godechot and G. Bourgin, L 'Italie et Napoleon (Paris
1936). Godechot's article, 'Les Franc;ais et l'unite italienne sous le
Directoire', Revue Politique et constitutionelle ( 1952) pp.96--1 10, 193-204 is
particularly good on the knotty subject of whether Napoleon really
intended Italian unification. Other monograph studies of central impor
tance are E.Y. Hales, Revolution and Papacy (1960) and G. MacLellan,
Venice and Bonaparte (Princeton 1931).
The struggle with the Directory is covered in Albert Sorel, L 'Europe et
Ia Revolution franr;aise (1903), Vol.5; R. Guyot, Le Directoire et Ia paix de
!'Europe, 179 5-1 799 (Paris 1911) and B. Nabonne, La Diplomatic du
Directoire et de Bonaparte (Paris 1951). On the complex skein of events
leading to Fructidor see Leonce Pingaud, Le comte d'Antraigues (Paris
193 1); J. Godechot, La Contre-Revolution (Paris 1961); G. Caudrillier, La
Trahison de Pichegru et les Intrigues royalistes dans !'Est avant Fructidor
(Paris 1908); A. Meynier, Les Coups d'Etat du Directoire. Vol. r. le 18
Fructidor an V (Paris 1928).