E
Gravel (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; APA; MAD); High
Blood Pressure (1; APA; CAN); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CAN); Hypoglycemia (1; CAN); Immu-
nodepression (1; APA; PNC); Infection (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Inflammation (1; PHR; PH2;
WAM); Insomnia (1; APA; CAN); Jaundice (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Nausea
(PNC); Nephrosis (f; APA; MAD); Nervousness (1; APA; CAN); Otosis (f; MAD); Parasite (1;
APA); Pertussis (f; PHR; PH2); Plethora (f; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (1; APA);
Rheumatism (f; MAD); Scabies (f; MAD); Side Ache (f; MAD); Staphylococcus (1; MAD); Stone
(f; MAD); Syphilis (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD); Tracheosis (f; CAN); Tuberculosis (f; CAN;
MAD); Tumor (1; APA); Ulcer (f; PH2); UTI (f; APA); VD (f; MAD); Water Retention (1; APA;
MAD; PNC; PH2); Worm (1; APA; MAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Wound (f; MAD).
Dosages (Elecampane) — 0.25 tsp powdered root/cup water (APA; WIC); 2–4 g powdered root
(PNC); 1–2 tbsp fresh root (PED); 2–3 g dry root (PED); 3 g dry root:20 ml alcohol/10 ml water
(PED); 0.5–2 g root, several ×/day (MAD); 1.5–4 g root as tea 3 ×/day (CAN); 1.5–4 ml liquid
root extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 300 mg (50–200 for children) alantolactone for
2 courses of 5 days with an interval of 10 days (CAN); 1 tsp (6 g) in cold or hot tea (MAD); 20-
to 40-drop tincture for cholera (MAD); 1 g in tea/day (PH2); 2–4 ml liquid extract (PNC).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Elecampane) — Class 2b, 2c (AHP). Ele-
campane is reportedly dermatitigenic; allergic contact dermatosis is possible. Can cause diarrhea,
vomiting, spasm, and symptoms of paralysis (AEH; AHP; PHR; WAM). Not approved by Com-
mission E, KOM, or PH2. Not for use during pregnancy or nursing (PH2; WAM). Commission E
reports roots are not permitted for therapeutic use; usefulness not adequately documented. CAN
cautions that sesquiterpene lactones, especially alantolactone, can be allergenic and irritant (CAN).
Alantolactone is bound as a hapten to the skin proteins (KOM). May interfere with blood pressure
and blood sugar therapies (CAN). Infusion is sedative (PNC). Inulin expectorant, lowers stool
transit time, regulates colonic flora, and soothes inflamed tissue (PED). EO with sesquiterpene
lactones bactericide, candidicide, fungicide, and vermifuge (PED). Alantolactone is antiinflamma-
tory, anthelminthic, immunostimulant, and hypotensive (PNC).ELM BARK, EUROPEAN FIELD ELM (Ulmus minor Mill.) +++Synonyms — U. campestris L., U. carpinifolia Gled., U. carpinifolia var. suberosa (Moench)
Rehder, U. foliacea Gilib., U. foliacea var. suberosa (Moench) Rehder, U. glabra var. suberosa
(Moench) Gürke, U. nitens Moench, U. suberosa Moench.
FEL, GMH, JLH, and MAD entries apply to U. campestris (synonym). HHB divides U. campes-
tris into U. carpinifolia and U. glabra and gives more data for U. laevis; hence, I assume they
are talking about the same U. campestris. Strangely, in their account of Ulmus minor, and
regrettably, PH2 cites HH2 and MAD (and no other sources). HH2 did cover elm bark but
assigned it to U. carpinifolia (synonym) or U. laevis. HH2 entries in my FNF entry refer to U.
carpinifolia or U. laevis.
Activities (Elm Bark) — Astringent (1; GMH; HHB; PH2); Demulcent (f; GMH); Diaphoretic
(f; MAD); Diuretic (1; GMH; HHB; PH2); Expectorant (f; MAD); Tonic (f; GMH; MAD);
Vulnerary (f; PH2).
Indications (Elm Bark) — Arthrosis (f; JLH); Bruise (f; GMH); Burn (f; MAD); Cancer (f; JLH);
Catarrh (f; MAD); Cold (f; HH2); Conjunctivosis (f; GMH); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f;
FEL; HH2; MAD); Diarrhea (f; HHB; MAD; PH2); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Eczema
(f; HH2; MAD); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; MAD); Fracture (f; MAD); Gout (f; MAD);
Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; PH2); Leprosy (f; GMH); Malaria (f; MAD); Metrosis (f; MAD);
Mucososis (f; HH2); Ophthalmia (f; GMH); Rheumatism (f; HH2); Ringworm (f; GMH); Scab (f;