R
Dosages (Red Clover) — 10–30 drops flower tincture (dried 1:5) 2–6 ×/day (AKT); 1–3 tsp dry
flowers/cup water/up to 3 ×/day (APA; SKY); 4 g dry flowers, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN; PH2);
1.5–3 ml liquid flower extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 1–2 ml flower tincture (1:10
in 45% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 3 (350 mg) capsules 3 ×/day (JAD, NH); 1–2 tbsp fresh flower
(PED); 2–3 g dry flower (PED); 3 g dry flower:15 ml alcohol/15 ml water (PED); 2.5–10 ml liquid
flower extract (PNC); 2–4 ml flower tincture 3 ×/day (SKY); 2–6 g dry flowers 3 ×/day (SKY).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Red Clover) — Class 2b (AHP). Not covered
by Commission E (KOM). CAN cautions that the isoflavonoids are estrogenic. Because of estrogenic
activity, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Safe at levels normally consumed by
humans, clovers have so much estrogenic activity that pregnant animals grazing heavily on them may
suffer miscarriage. Estrogenic compounds, especially formononetin, may cause growth disorders,
infertility, and urticaria (CAN). Apparently, healthy clovers may be fungally infected with much higher
levels of estrogens, rarely even slaframine, a toxic fungal metabolite (JAD). Avoid fermented clover
(SKY). Coumarins and isoflavonoids may interfere with coagulant and hormonal therapy (CAN).
Biochanin is chemoprotective, inhibiting carcinogenic activity in cell cultures (CAN). A small 1994
study found increases in teat size and certain measurements of the uterus, along with other suggestive
estrogen-like reactions, in three heifers fed large amounts of red clover silage for fourteen days (APA).
RED CURRANT (Ribes rubrum L.) +++Synonyms: R. rubrum var. sativum Rchb., R. sativum (Rchb.) Syme, R. sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. &
W. D. J. Koch, R. vulgare Lam., R. vulgare var. macrocarpum Jancz., R. vulgare var. sylvestre Lam.
Activities (Red Currant) — Antialcoholic (1; FNF; X11170598); Antieczemic (1; FNF;
X11170598); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; X11170598); Antioxidant (1; HH2; PH2; X1332092);
Anti-PMS (1; FNF; X11170598); Antipyretic (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; FNF;
X11170598); Cardioprotective (1; FNF; X11170598); Emmenagogue (1; PH2); Xanthine-Oxidase
Inhibitor (1; HH2; X1332092).
Indications (Red Currant) — Alcoholism (1; FNF; X11170598); Burn (f; PH2); Blister (f; PH2);
Cancer (1; FNF; X11170598); Cardiopathy (1; FNF; X11170598); Eczema (1; FNF; X11170598);
Fever (1; PH2); Gout (1; X1332092); Inflammation (1; FNF; X11170598); PMS (1; FNF;
X11170598); Tumor (1; FNF; X11170598).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Red Currant) — Not covered (AHP). “Health
hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quan-
tified dosage! JAD).
Extracts (Red Currant) — Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and
Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. All
crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum
extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols, but Ribes
rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092).
REDHEAD (Hamelia patens Jacq.) ++Synonym: H. erecta Jacq.
Activities (Redhead) — Analgesic (1; AAB; TRA); Antibacterial (1; AAB; TRA); Antiinflamma-
tory (1; DAV; MPG; TRA); Antioxidant (1; TRA); Antipyretic (1; DAV; TRA); Antiseptic (1; TRA);
Astringent (f; JFM); Cicatrizant (2; MPG; TRA); CNS Depressant (1; TRA); Diuretic (1; TRA);
Cytostat (1; TRA); Fungicide (1; AAB); Laxative (f; DAV; JFM); Mydriatic (1; TRA).