S
PHR; PH2); Escherichia (1; CAN; HH2); Fatigue (f; PH2); Fever (1; APA; DEM; JFM; MAD;
PHR; PH2; WOI); Flu (f; JFM); Fungus (1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Gas (1; APA; PED; PH2; WOI);
Gastrosis (1; APA; FEL; PH2); Gingirrhagia (1; PHR); Gingivosis (1; APA; CAN; PH2; PNC);
Glossosis (1; CAN; PNC); Halitosis (f; PH2); Headache (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC); High Blood
Pressure (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Hoarseness (1; BGB); Hot Flash (f; BGB); Hyperhydrosis (1; BGB;
CAN; CRC); Hyperlactation (f; AHP); Hysteria (f; CRC); Immunodepression (f; PED); Infection
(1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Infertility (f; BGB); Inflammation (1; COX; FNF; PH2; PNC); Insomnia
(1; CAN; DEM); Laryngosis (f; PHR; PH2); Lethargy (f; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Malaria
(f; JFM); Measles (f; CRC); Mucososis (2; PH2; PIP); Mycosis (1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Nephrosis
(f; CRC; MAD); Nervousness (1; CAN; DEM); Neurosis (f; CRC; PH2); Night Sweats (f; BGB;
MAD); Odontosis (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; JFM); Pain (f; CRC); Perspiration (2; KOM; PH2;
PIP); Pharyngosis (2; APA; CAN; KOM; PH2); Phthisis (f; CRC; MAD); Pulmonosis (1; CRC;
MAD); Rheumatism (f; APA; CRC; FEL); Rhinosis (2; KOM; PH2); Salmonella (1; CAN; HH2);
Shigella (1; CAN; HH2); Sore (1; BGB; MAD); Sore Throat (2; APA; PH2; PIP; PNC); Sperma-
torrhea (f; FEL); Splenosis (f; MAD); Sprain (f; APA); Stomatosis (2; APA; CAN; MAD; PHR;
PH2); Tonsilosis (1; CRC; PNC); Toothache (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; APA); Tumor (f; CRC);
Uterosis (f; MAD); Uvulosis (f; BGB; CAN; FEL); Virus (1; KOM; PH2; PIP); Water Retention
(f; MAD); Worm (f; DEM; FEL; JFM); Wound (f; PHR; PH2).
Dosages (Sage) — 4–6 g/day (AHP); 4–6 g herb (KOM; PH2); 2 tsp (3 g) cut herb/cup water
(APA); 1–4 ml liquid herb extract (PNC); 1–4 g leaf, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–3 tsp (3.4–5.1
g) leaf in hot tea (MAD); boil 100 g leaf/liter wine 2 minutes (f; PH2); 2–4 tbsp fresh leaf (PED);
3–6 g dry leaf (PED); 4.5 g dry leaf/2 ml alcohol/23 ml water (PED); 1–4 ml liquid leaf extract
(1:1 in 45% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 0.1–0.3 g EO (KOM; PH2).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sage) — Class 2b, 2d. Not for long-term use.
Do not exceed recommended dose. Alcoholic extracts contraindicated in pregnancy (AHP). “Haz-
ards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Commission E reports
for oral use of leaf, contraindications: pregnancy (EO/alcoholic extracts); adverse effects: prolonged
use of EO/alcoholic extracts may produce epileptiform cramps. Other sources report leaf, as herbal
tea, should not be used for prolonged period (AEH). “Contraindicated in pregnancy. May interfere
with anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic therapies; may potentiate or synergize other sedatives.
Human poisoning has followed ingestion of the convulsant EO for acne. In rats, sage oil is
subclinically, clinically, and lethally convulsant at 300, 500, and 3200 mg/kg, respectively (CAN).
CAN cautions that thujone and camphor in the volatile oil can be convulsant and toxic (CAN).
LD50 (EO) = 2600 orl rat, LD50 (EO) = 5000 ind rbt (CAN). Taking more than 15 g or prolonged
overuse can lead to thujone-induced convulsions, dizziness, hot flashes, and tachycardia (BIS). No
more than 1 cup tea/day during pregnancy, max, for no more than 1 week (WAM).
Extracts (Sage) — Fair source of COX-2 inhibiting oleanolic acid at ~0. 1% (COX). The whole
sage extract has more activity than the flavonoid extract at inhibiting acetylcholine, histamine, and
serotonin-induced muscle contractions. EO active against Bacillus (Gram-positive), Escherichia,
Klebsiella (Gram-negative), Salmonella, and Shigella; and among fungi, Candida, Cryptococcus,
and Torulopsis (CAN).
SAGO CYCAS (Cycas revoluta Thunb.) XActivities (Sago Cycas) — Antirheumatic (f; CRC); Astringent (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC);
Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Expectorant (f; CRC); Tonic (f; CRC); Tumorigenic (f; CRC).
Indications (Sago Cycas) — Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, Lung (f; CRC); Hepatoma (f; CRC);
Rheumatism (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; CRC).