“Is not Cuvier”: Quoted in Toby A. Appel, The Cuvier-Geoffroy Debate: French Biology in the
Decades before Darwin (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 190.
“One shouldn’t anticipate”: Quoted in Martin J. S. Rudwick, Worlds Before Adam: The
Reconstruction of Geohistory in the Age of Reform (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 32.
“be constructed for devouring prey”: Cuvier and Rudwick, Fossil Bones, 217.
“ducks by dint of diving”: Quoted in Richard Wellington Burkhardt, The Spirit of System:
Lamarck and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977), 199.
Among the crates of loot: Cuvier and Rudwick, Fossil Bones, 229.
Lamarck objected: Rudwick, Bursting the Limits of Time, 398.
“I know that some naturalists”: Cuvier and Rudwick, Fossil Bones, 228.
Like the “enchanted palaces”: Georges Cuvier, “Elegy of Lamarck,” Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal 20 (1836): 1–22.
“Living organisms without number”: Cuvier and Rudwick, Fossil Bones, 190.
organisms simply moved on: Ibid., 261.
CHAPTER III: THE ORIGINAL PENGUIN
When he proposed it: Rudwick, Worlds Before Adam, 358.
Lyell had grown up: Leonard G. Wilson, “Lyell: The Man and His Times,” in Lyell: The Past Is the
Key to the Present, edited by Derek J. Blundell and Andrew C. Scott (Bath, England: Geological
Society, 1998), 21.
“very obliging”: Charles Lyell, Life, Letters and Journals of Sir Charles Lyell, edited by Mrs. Lyell,
vol. 1 (London: John Murray, 1881), 249.
“the huge iguanodon”: Charles Lyell. Principles of Geology, vol. 1 (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1990), 123.
“that there is no foundation”: Ibid., vol. 1, 153.
Lyell boasted: Leonard G. Wilson, Charles Lyell, the Years to 1841: The Revolution in Geology (New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972), 344.
when he spoke in Boston: A. Hallam, Great Geological Controversies (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1983), ix.
He produced a cartoon: For a discussion of the meaning of the cartoon, see Martin J. S.
Rudwick, Lyell and Darwin, Geologists: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Reform (Aldershot,
England: Ashgate, 2005), 537–40.
In fact, Darwin developed his theory: Frank J. Sulloway, “Darwin and His Finches: The
Evolution of a Legend,” Journal of the History of Biology 15 (1982): 1–53.
Lyell further contended: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. 1, 476.
caught up with him in the Falklands: Sandra Herbert, Charles Darwin, Geologist (Ithaca, N.Y.:
Cornell University Press, 2005), 63.
Recent searches: Claudio Soto-Azat et al., “The Population Decline and Extinction of Darwin’s
tuis.
(Tuis.)
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