women teachers.
232 Finns and ADHD: S. L. Smalley et al., “Prevalence and Psychiatric Comorbidity of
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in an Adolescent Finnish Population,”
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 46, no.
12 (Dec. 2007): pp. 1575–83, cited in Daniel Goleman, “Exercising the Mind to
Treat Attention Deficits,” New York Times, May 12, 2014.
232 A large meta-analysis of dozens: B. A. Sibley et al., “The Relationship Between
Physical Activity and Cognition in Children: A Meta-analysis,” Pediatric Exercise
Science, vol. 15, no. 3 (2003): pp. 243–56.
232 The Penn State study on social skills: Damon E. Jones et al., “Early Social-
Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten
Social Competence and Future Wellness,” American Journal of Public Health, vol.
105, no. 11 (2015): pp. 2283–90.
233 The 2015 Pediatrics study on physical activity in preschoolers: Pooja S. Tandon et
al., “Active Play Opportunities at Child Care,” Pediatrics, May 18, 2015, published
online.
233 30 percent of third-graders: Romina M. Barros, et al., “School Recess and Group
Classroom Behavior,” Pediatrics, vol. 123, no. 2 (2009): pp. 431–36.
233 “Containerized kids”: See http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2004-11-05-
active_x.htm, accessed Feb. 2, 2016.
233 In 2004, 70 percent of mothers: R. Clements, “An Investigation of the Status of
Outdoor Play,” Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, vol. 5 (2004): pp. 68–80.
Also see S. Gaster, “Urban Children’s Access to Their Neighbourhoods: Changes
Over Three Generations” (1991), quoted in R. Louv, Last Child in the Woods
(Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2005), p. 123. On children and exercise, see M.
Hillman, J. Adams, and Whitelegg, “One False Move: A Study of Children’s
Independent Mobility,” London: Policy Studies Institute, 1990. And
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-462091/How-children-lost-right-roam-
generations.html. On preschool diagnoses of ADHD, see
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/17/us/among-experts-scrutiny-of-attention-
disorder-diagnoses-in-2-and-3-year-olds.html?_r=0, accessed July 18, 2015.
234 Teenagers today have: J. M Twenge et al., “Birth Cohort Increases in
Psychopathology Among Young Americans, 1938–2007: A Cross-Temporal Meta-
Analysis of the MMPI,” Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 30 (2010): pp. 145–54,
cited in M. Brussoni et al., “Risky Play and Children’s Safety: Balancing Priorities for
Optimal Child Development,” International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, vol. 9 (2012): pp. 3136–48.
CHAPTER 12: NATURE FOR THE REST OF US241 “If man is not”: Olmsted epigraph quoted in Rybczynski, Kindle location 2776.
241 For more on the idea of Metro sapiens, see Jason Vargo, “Metro Sapiens, an Urban