eccentricity, Earth’s orbit 85
ecdysone 105
ecdysterone 105
ECF-A (eosinophil
chemotactic factor of
anaphylaxis) 116
echinoderm 105
echolocation 105, 310
eclosion 105
ECM (extracellular matrix)
122, 122
EC nomenclature for enzymes
105
ecological efficiency 105–106
ecological niche 106
ecological succession 106
ecology 106
ecosystem 106
ectoderm 106
ectomychorrhizae 237
ectoparasite 106
ectotherm 106
ectothermic regulation 325
EDRF (endothelium-derived
relaxing factor) 115
effector cell 106
efficacy 106
EF-hand 106
EGF (epidermal growth
factor) 118
egg 106,127, 127,256–257
“Egyptian Mummies: Brief
History and Radiological
Studies” (Wagle) 233–236
Ehrlich, Paul 106–107
Eijkman, Christiaan 107–108
Einthoven, Willem 108
Ekström, Daniel 59–60
electrocardiograph (EKG)
108
electrochemical gradient 108
electrode potential 108
electrogenic pump 108
electroluminescence 209
electromagnetic frequency
(EMF) 268
electromagnetic spectrum
108
electron 108
electron acceptor 63, 108,
110
electron dating spin resonance
284
electron donor 63
electronegativity 108, 247
electron magnetic resonance
(EMR) spectroscopy 109
electron microscope (EM)
109
electron-nuclear double
resonance (ENDOR) 109
electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR)
spectroscopy 109
electron spin-echo envelope
modulation (ESEEM) 109
electron spin-echo (ESE)
spectroscopy 109
electron spin-resonance (ESR)
spectroscopy 109
electron transfer protein
109
electron-transport chain
110, 257
electrophoresis 45, 46
element 30, 110,377–378
elephantiasis (lymphedema
filariasis) 110
elimination 110
Eliot, Ida 228
EM (electron microscope)
109
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
220
embryo 110, 110
embryology 214, 311
embryo sac 110
EMF (electromagnetic
frequency) 268
emigration 110
EMR (electron magnetic
resonance) spectroscopy
109
emulsion 110
enantiomer 110
endangered species 110
Endangered Species Act
(1973) 112
endemic species 112
endergonic reaction 30, 112
Enders, John Franklin
112–113, 298
endocrine gland 113,
146–147
endocrine system 113
endocytosis 113, 287
endoderm 113
endodermis 113
endogenous 113
endogenous morphine
(endorphin) 114
endomembrane system
113–114
endometrial cancer 114
endometrial hyperplasia 114
endometrium 114
endomycorrhizae 237–238
endoparasite 114
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
58, 114
ENDOR (electron-nuclear
double resonance) 109
endorphin 114
endoskeleton 114
endosome 287
endosperm 114
endospore 114
endosymbiotic theory 114endothelium 114
endothelium-derived relaxing
factor (EDRF) 115
endotherm 115
endothermic 115
endotoxin 115
end-plate potential (receptor
potential) 287
end-product inhibition
(feedback inhibition) 126
energy 115
energy budget 275
enhancer 115
Entamoeba histolytica16,
103, 279
entatic state 115
enteric nervous system 31
enterobactin 115
enterochelin 115
entomology 115
entomophilous 115
entropy 115
environment 115
environmental grain 115
enzootic 115
enzootic pneumonia
(Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae) 115
enzyme 62, 74, 105,
115–116, 346
enzyme induction 116
enzyme repression 116
Eocene 116
eosinophil 116, 199
eosinophil chemotactic factor
of anaphylaxis (ECF-A)
116
eosinophilia (blood
eosinophilia) 116
ephemeral 116
epidemic 118
epidermal growth factor
(EGF) 118
epidermis 94, 116
epididymus 304
epigenesis 116–117
epiglottis 117, 117
epigynous ovary (inferior
ovary) 175
epilepsy 117
epimere 216
epinephrine (adrenaline) 56,
117, 129
epiparasite 117
epiphysis 267–268
epiphyte 117
episome 117
epitasis 117
epithelial tissues 117–118
epitope (antigenic
determinant) 118
epizootic 118
epoch 118
EPR imaging 212EPR (electron paramagnetic
resonance) spectroscopy
109
equator 118
equilibrium constant See
acidity constant; stability
constant
ER(endoplasmic reticulum)
58, 114
era 118
erectile disfunction
(impotence) 173
Erlanger, Joseph 118
erythema multiform 315
erythrocyte (red blood cell)
43,48, 118, 160
Escherichia coli118–119
ESEEM (electron spin-echo
envelope modulation) 109
ESE (electron spin-echo)
spectroscopy 109
esophagus 119
ESR (electron spin-resonance)
spectroscopy 109
essential amino acids 119
essential fatty acids 333
estivation (aestivation) 16,
119,325, 326
estradiol 99, 323
estriol 99
estrogens 119
estrone 99
estrous cycle (heat cycle)
119
estrus 119
ETC (electron transport
chain) 110, 257
ethanol, structural formula
316
ethmoid sinus 307
ethology 119
ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) 119
etiology (aetiology) 119
euchromatin 119, 161
eudismic ratio 119
eugenics 137, 138
eukaryotes 119
eulittoral zone 207
eumetazoa 38, 119–120
Eurasia 120
Euryarchaeota 25
eusocial 120
eutherian mammal (placental
mammal) 120,213, 268
eutomer 120
eutrophication 120
eutrophic lake 120
evaporative cooling 120
evolution 90, 120,151, 168
evolutionary species concept
120
evolve 120
Ewens-Bassett number See
oxidation number388 Index