EUROPEAN COMICS 191
100,000 titles produced in Europe in the last three decades, only a minority has been
recognized as proper personal and artistic work: some titles that the critics have praised
include C’était la Guerre des Tranchées (It Was the War of the Trenches, Tardi, 1982–93),
Partie de Chasse (Th e Hunting Party, Bilal & Christin, 1983), La Fièvre d’Urbicande
(Fever in Urbicand, Schuiten & Peeters, 1983), Fuochi (Fires, Mattotti, 1984), Cages
(Dave McKean, 1990 –96), Trazo di Tiza (Streak Of Chalk, Prado, 1992), From Hell
(Alan Moore & Eddie Campbell, 1999), Prosopopus (De Crecy, 2003). All those works
are remarkable for their visual styles, narrative devices, and themes. Additionally, the
autobiographical comics of Gimenez (Paracuellos, 1977), Baudoin (Éloge de la poussière,
1995), David B. (L’Ascension du Haut Mal, Epileptic, 1996–2003), Neaud ( Journal, since
1996), Peeters (Pilules Bleues, Blue Pills, 2001), and Goblet (Faire semblant c’est mentir,
2007) were critical successes.
Selected Bibliography: Beaty, Bart. Unpopular Culture. Transforming the European
Comic Book in the 1990s. University of Toronto Press, 2007; Bolalek, Radoslaw. “Th e
Most Popular Polish Comics (1957–1989).” International Journal of Comic Art 11(2)
(Fall 2009); Boléo, João Paiva, and Pinheiro. Le Portugal en bulles. Un siècle et demi de
bandes dessinées. Lisbon: Bedeteca, 2000; Dias De Deus, António. Os comics em Portugal,
uma história da banda desenhada. Lisbon: Cadernos da Bedeteca de Lisboa, 1997;
Dolle-Weinkauff , Bernd. Comics made in Germany. 60 Jahre Comics aus Deutschland
seit. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007; Gaducci, Fabio. “Notes on the Early De-
cades of Italian Comic Art.” International Journal of Comic Art 2(2) (Fall 2004): 30–77;
Gaumer, Patrick. Dictionnaire mondial de la Bande Dessinée. Paris: Larousse-Bordas,
2004; Gravett, Paul, and Peter Stanbury. Great British Comics: Celebrating a Century
of Ripping Yarns and Wizard Wheezes. London: Aurum, 2006; Groensteen, Th ierry.
Astérix, Barbarella & Cie. Trésors du musée de la bande dessinée. Paris: Somogy, 2000;
Knigge, Andreas C. Alles Über Comics. Eine Entdeckungsreise von den Höhlenbildern bis
zum Manga. Hamburg: Europa Verlag, 2004; Kunzle, David. Th e History of Th e Comic
Strip: Th e Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990; Lefèvre,
Pascal. “La bande dessinée occidentale au XXème siècle.” Le Centre Belge de la Bande
Dessinée. Brussels: Dexia, 2000; Lefèvre, Pascal, and Charles Dierick, eds. Forging a
New Medium, Th e Comic Strip in the Nineteenth Century. Brussels: VUB University
Press, 1998; Lefèvre, Pascal. “Th e Battle over the Balloon: Th e Confl ictual Institution-
alization of the Speech Balloon in Various Countries.” Image (&) Narrative: Online
Magazine of the Visual Narrative 14 (May 2006). Available at http://www.imageand
narrative.be/; Madsen, Frank, Per Sanderhage, and Niels Roland, eds. Danish Comics
To d a y. Copenhagen: Danske Tegneserieskabere, 1997; Martin, Antonio. Historia del
comic español: 1875–1939. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1978; Martin, Antonio. Apuntes
para una Historia de los Tebeos. Barcelona: Glénat, 2000. Moliterni, Claude, ed. Histoire
mondiale de la bande dessinée. Paris: Pierre Horay, 1989; Moliterni, Claude (a.o.). BD
Guide. Encyclopédie de la bande dessinée internationale. Paris: Omnibus, 2003; Prassel,
Igor. “Slovenian Comics.” International Journal of Comic Art 5(1) (Spring 2003): 74–94;
