Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

92 CHONG ET AL.

TABLE 3

List of Selected Woody Perennial Trees and Shrubs Showing the Recommended Dates for Seed Collection, Seed Longevity and Storage

Requirements,

and Pretreatments to Overcome Seed Dormancy

Pretreatment

Stratification (months)

Plant

Collection

Warm

Cold

Species

type

date

Storage

Scarification

(20–30

C)

(1–5

C)

Remarks

Definitions of plant type

ES

Evergreen shrub.

A multistemmed woody plant that retains its needles

throughout the year and attains a height usually less than 4 m.

BES

Broadleaf evergreen shrub. A multistemmed woody plant that retains itsbroad-leaved foliage throughout the year and attains a height usually lessthan 4 m.

Abbies balsameaA. concolorA. fraseriaA. homolepisA. nordmannianaA. proceraA. veitchii

Pinaceae

Acer campestreA. ginnalaA. negundoA. pensylvanicumA. platanoidesA. pseudoplatanusA. rubrumA. saccharinumA. saccharum

Aceraceae

ETETETETETETET DTDTDTDTDTDTDT DTDT

Aug.–Sept.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Sept.Sept.–Oct.Sept.Sept.–Oct.Oct.–Nov.Oct.–Nov.Sept.–Mar.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Aug.–Oct.May MayAug.–Oct.

5 years at 1–5

C

and 9–12%moisturecontent

1–2 years at

1–5

C and

10–15%moisturecontent

None–sow

immediatelyaftercollection.

None–see

A.

rubrum.

(^1) 1–2
None None
2–31–21–21–21–21–21–2 3–63–42–33–43–4^3 None None2–3
Collect cones before they
shatter. Fresh seedsgerminate best.
Light required for
germination.
See notes 2, 3, and 4.Unless otherwise indicated,
stratify or fall-sowoutdoors before seeds turncompletely brown;otherwise, germinationmay be delayed by up to 1year.
See notes 4 and 5.
DT


Deciduous tree. A woody plant that at maturity is more than 6 m in height,usually has a single stem more than 6 cm in diameter, is unbranched for 2 min height, and has annual diameter growth. Leaves are shed at the end ofeach growing season.
DS


Deciduous shrub. A multistemmed woody plant that normally grows toless than 4 m and sheds its leaves at the end of each growing season.
ET


Evergreen tree.
A woody tree that retains its needle-shaped leaves
throughout the year. Older needles may drop after the second or third year.