Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

100 CHONG ET AL.

TABLE 3

Continued

Pretreatment

Stratification (months)

Plant

Collection

Warm

Cold

Species

type

date

Storage

Scarification

(20–30

C)

(1–5

C)

Remarks

Ligustrum amurenseL. japonicumL. lucidumL. vulgare

PrivetOleaceae

Lindera benzoin

SpicebushLauraceae

Liquidambar styraciflua

Sweet gumHamamelidaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera

Tulip treeMagnoliaceae

Lonicera maackiiL. tatarica

HoneysuckleCaprifoliaceae

Maclura pomifera

Osage-orangeMoraceae

DSDSDSDS DS DT DT DSDS DT

Sept.–Nov.Sept.–Nov.Sept.–Nov.Sept.–Nov.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Nov. Aug.–Oct. Sept.–Nov.July–Aug.Sept.–Oct.

Low temp.,

sealedcontainer



1 year–keepcool and sealed

4 

years sealedat 1–5

C and

10–15%moisturecontent

Several years if

stored dry at1–5

C

15



years at

1–5

C

3 

years at1–5

C

Soak fresh seed

in water for 2days–replacesstratification.

1

2–32–32–32–3^3 1–3 2–3 1–31–3^1

Fresh seeds may germinate

without cold treatment.

Stratification times refer to

stored seed.

Extract seeds by maceration.Sow outdoors in fall for best

germination in spring.

Pick fruit when green color

fades to avoid natural seeddispersal.

Low percentage of viable

seeds per cone (10%).Sow fresh, untreated seedin fall to germinatefollowing spring.

Collect fruits soon after

ripening to avoid birdremoval. Extract seed bymaceration of fresh,ripened fruits.

Collect fruits when dropped.

Extract seeds bymacerating fruits in water.Fruits may be allowed toferment over winter in aheap. This makes seedseparation easier andeliminates need forstratification.