Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

42. RJ Bula, RC Morrow, TW Tibbitts, DJ Barta, RW Ignatius, TS Martin. Light-emitting diodes as a radiation
    source for plants. HortScience 26:203–205, 1992.


43. GD Goins, NC Yorio, MM Sanwo, CS Brown. Photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat
    plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without supplemental blue lighting. J Exp Bot
    48:1407–1413, 1997.


44. DA MacLennan, BP Turner, JT Dolan, MG Ury, P Gustafson. Efficient, full-spectrum, long-lived, non-toxic
    microwave lamp for plant growth. In: TW Tibbitts, ed. International Lighting in Controlled Environments
    Workshop, Madison, WI, NASA-CP-95-3309, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 1994, pp 243–254.


45. TW Tibbitts, W Cao, RM Wheeler. Growth of potatoes for CELSS. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA,
    NASA Contractor Report 177646, 1994.


46. MA Stasiak, R Cote, M Dixon, B Grodzinski. Increasing plant productivity in closed environments with inner
    canopy illumination. Life Support Biosphere Sci 5:175–182, 1998.


47. B Bugbee. Determining the potential productivity of food crops in controlled environments. Adv Space Res
    12:85–95, 1992.


48. SL Knight, CA Mitchell. Enhancement of lettuce yield by manipulation of light and nitrogen nutrition. J Am
    Soc Hortic Sci 108:750–754, 1983.


49. SL Knight, CA Mitchell. Growth and yield characteristics of ‘Waldmann’s Green’ leaf lettuce under different
    photon fluxes from metal halide or incandescent fluorescent radiation. Sci Hortic 35:51–61, 1988.


50. JF Thomas, CD Raper. Photoperiod and temperature regulation of floral initiation and anthesis in soya bean.
    Ann Bot 51:481– 4 89, 1983.


51. RM Wheeler, TW Tibbitts. Growth and tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosumL) under continuous light.
    Plant Physiol 80:801–804, 1986.


52. RM Wheeler, TW Tibbitts. Utilization of potatoes for life support systems in space. I. Cultivar-photoperiod in-
    teraction. Am Potato J 63:315–323, 1986.


53. WA Hill, PA Loretan, CK Bonsi, CE Morris, JY Lu, C Ogbuehi. Utilization of sweetpotatoes in controlled eco-
    logical life support systems. Adv Space Res 9:29– 4 1, 1989.


54. B Bugbee, B Spanarkel, S Johnson, O Monje, G Koerner. CO 2 crop growth enhancement and toxicity in wheat
    and rice. Adv Space Res 14:257–267, 1994.


55. KR Goldman. CA Mitchell. Transfer from long to short photoperiod affects production efficiency of day-neu-
    tral rice. HortScience 34:875–877, 1999.


56. WS Hillman. Injury of tomato plants by continuous light and unfavorable photoperiodic cycles. Am J Bot
    43:89–96, 1956.


57. NC Yorio, GW Stutte, RM Wheeler, LM Ruffe. Low level irradiance during the dark period prevents pho-
    toperiodic-induced tuberization of potato. HortScience 33:542, 1998.


58. TW Tibbitts, SM Bennett, W Cao. Control of continuous irradiation injury on potatoes with daily temperature
    cycling. Plant Physiol 93:409– 4 11, 1990.


59. CK Bonsi, PA Loretan, WA Hill, DG Mortley. Response of sweetpotatoes to continuous light. HortScience
    27:471, 1992.


60. H Smith. Plants and the Daylight Spectrum. London: Academic Press, 1981.


61. SJ Britz, JC Sager. Photomorphogenesis and photoassimilation in soybean and sorghum grown under broad
    spectrum and blue-deficient light sources. Plant Physiol 94:448– 454, 1991.


62. RM Wheeler, CL Mackowiak, JC Sager. Soybean stem growth under high-pressure sodium with supplemen-
    tal blue lighting. Agron J 83:903–906, 1991.


63. BG Drake, MA Gonzalez-Meler, SP Long. More efficient plants: a consequence of rising atmospheric CO 2?
    Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48:609–639, 1996.


64. RM Wheeler, KA Corey, JC Sager, WM Knott. Gas exchange rates of wheat stands grown in a sealed cham-
    ber. Crop Sci 33:161–168, 1993.


65. RM Wheeler, CL Mackowiak, LM Siegriest, JC Sager. Supraoptimal carbon dioxide effects on growth of soy-
    bean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.). J Plant Physiol 142:173–178, 1993.


66. CL Mackowiak, LM Ruffe, NC Yorio, RM Wheeler. Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on radish produc-
    tion using nutrient film technique (NFT). NASA Technical Memorandum 109198, 1994.


67. CL Mackowiak. RM Wheeler. Growth and stomatal behavior of hydroponically cultured potato (Solanum
    tuberosumL.) at elevated and super-elevated CO 2. J Plant Physiol 149:205–210, 1996.


68. RM Wheeler, CL Mackowiak, NC Yorio, JC Sager. Effects of CO 2 on stomatal conductance: do stomata open
    at very high CO 2 concentrations? Ann Bot 83:243–251, 1999.


69. TP Grotenhuis, B Bugbee. Super-optimal CO 2 reduces seed yield but not vegetative growth in wheat. Crop Sci
    37:1215–1222, 1997.


70. RD Reed, GR Coulter. Physiology of spaceflight. In: WJ Larson, LK Pranke, eds. Human Spaceflight: Mission
    Analysis and Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999, pp 103–132.


71. RM Wheeler, KL Steffen, TW Tibbitts, JP Palta. Utilization of potato for life support systems. II. The effects
    of temperature under 24-h and 12-h photoperiod. Am Potato J 63:639–647, 1986.


72. PR Hicklenton, MS Wolynetz. Influence of light- and dark-period air temperatures and root temperature on
    growth of lettuce in nutrient flow systems. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 112:932–935, 1987.

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