Belamcanda chinensis, 70
Bellis perennis, 70
Bentgrass, 626
Benzaldehyde, 931
Benzoic acids
translocated in phloem, 457
Berberis thunbergi, 93
Bergenia cordifolia, 70
Bermudagrass, 623, 629, 630, 683
Berry, 144
Beta-alanine betaine, 865
Beta-pinene, 931
Beta vulgaris, 19, 112, 348, 369, 370, 521
Betaine, glycine, accumulation, 887–897
biosynthetic pathway in higher plants,
887–890
drought, adaptation to, 896
genetics, 897
physiological significance, 890–896
salinity, adaptation to, 896
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, 898
Betula nigra, 94
Bibenzyl synthase, 550
Biological diversity, 1
Bioregenerative systems, 925–927
Black ash, 62, 173
Blackberry, 207
Bluegrass, 623
Boltonia aisteroides, 70
Boston fern Nephrolepis exalta, 23
Bouteloua, 624
Bouteloua curtipendula, 625
Brachiaria brizantha, 598, 601
Brachiaria humidicola, 165, 598, 601
Brachycome iberidifolia, 70
Brassaia actinophylla, 919
Brassica, 14, 70, 195, 346, 510, 644, 700,
710–711, 755, 896
Brassica juncea, 710, 711, 755
Brassica napus, 195, 510, 700, 896
Brassica oleracea, 70, 346
Brassica oleracea capitata, 510
Brassica rapa, 510
Brassicaspecies, 14
Broccoli, 374, 927
Browallia seciosa, 70
Brown beetle grass, 625
Brunnera macrophylla, 71
Brussels sprouts, 374
Bryonia, 700
Bryonica diocia, 700
Buchloe dactyloides, 629, 632
Buckwheat, 374
Bud dormancy, 168–170
Bud initiation, 17–18
Buffalograss, 629, 630, 632
Bundles, 148
Buphthalmum speciosum, 71
Burning fossil fuels, 24
Butanone, 931
Butyl alcohol, 931Cabbage, 14, 373, 374, 510, 927
Cacao, 644
Cadmium, toxicity, 765–766
Cajanus cajan, 641–643
Calcium, 245–248, 349, 433, 697–734
in cell cycle regulation, 245–248
compostion, in leaf, floret, 433
in stress signal transduction, 697–734
abiotic stress signals, 698–702
biotic stress signals, 702–703
calcium-sensing mechanisms, 703–712
calmoduin, 706–711
phospholipase C, 712
protease, 712
protein kinases, phosphatasses, 704–706
cytosolic calcium levels, stress-included
changes in, 698–703
gene expression, 712–714
stress, changes in cytosolic calcium levels, 699
stress signal transduction study, 714–720
cell biological approaches, 714–715
molecular genetic approaches, 715–717
transgenic approaches, 717–720
Calendula officinalis, 71
Callistephus chinensis, 71
Callitriche platycarpa, 516, 517
Calmodulin, in cell cycle regulation, 245–248
Calorimetry, 3–4
Calvin cycle, 36, 826
Campanula medium, 71
Canary grass, 502
Canavalia ensiformis, 642
Candida glabrata, 756
Canopy, 120–123, 837
Canopy leaf development, 120–123
Canopy structure, transpiration efficiency and, 837
Caphalaria gigantea, 72
Caprylic acid, 931
Capsicum annuum, 919
Caraway, 374
Carbohydrate, 424, 454, 467–484
translocation in phloem, 454
Carbohydrate formation, source leaves,
galactosylcyclitois, 478
Carbohydrate metabolism, 424
Carbohydrate synthesis, 467–484
galactosylcyclitois, 481
nonphotosynthetic tissues, 479–481946 INDEX