Lower plants, 803, 805, 807, 809, 811, 813,
815–816
Low-soil-fertility tolerance drought, 593
Low-temperature-inducible proteins, 670
Low-temperature limitations, 14–15
Lunaria annua, 83
Lupinus luteus, 238
Lychnis chalcedonica, 83
Lycium, 882
Lycium ferocissimum, 888
Lycopene, 782
Lycopersicon, 14, 112, 314, 346, 510, 683, 797,
861, 918
Lycopersicon esculentum, 14, 112, 346, 510, 683,
918
Lycopersicon pennellii, 314
Lycopersicon species, 797
Lysine, 456
Lysozymes, 661
Lythrum salicaria, 166
M phase, in cell cycle regulation
exit from, 234
onset of, 232–241
regulatory proteins, 234–241
Cdks, 235–237
sylins, 238–241
Machaeranthera tanacetifolia, 83
Maclura pomifera, 100
Magnesium
compostion, in leaf, floret, 433
Magnolia, 101, 888
Magnolia acuminata, 101
Mahogany, 22
Maidenhair tree, 62
Maintenance respiration, 313–315
Maize, 19, 39, 315, 503, 745, 918
Male, female gametes, fertilization, 57
Malus, 101, 148, 155–156, 515
Malus baccata, 101
Malus domestica, 515
Malus sylvestris, 148
harvesting, timing, 155–156
Malvaceae, 882
Manganese, 10, 284, 307, 596, 597, 766–768
Mangel, 374
Mangifera indica, 153
Manihot esculenta, 321
Mannitol, 865, 898
phosphate dehydrogenase, 898
Maple, 314
Mars.See alsoSpace travel
plant development on, 936–937
Mass isotope^13 C, 409
Mass spectrometry, 887
Mathiola incana, 83
Maturation, defined, 144
Maunder Minimum, 30
Mechanical dormancy, 64
Mechanical forces, in abscission, 207
Meconopsis, 83
Medicago sativa, 7, 314, 644, 683, 706
Medicinal plants, 485–500
chemical ecology, 496–497
chemical synergisms, 486–487
ginkgo, 487–488
sales, medicinal plant products, U.S., 487
uses, 487–496
Mehler reaction, 312
Melampodium paludosum, 83
Membrane potential, 339
Mercury, toxicity, 766–767
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, 619, 739, 740,
743
Mesophyll resistance, 328–329
Metabolism, 2, 8, 36, 60, 112, 168, 173–174, 354,
367, 371, 385, 387, 389–391, 393, 395,
397, 399, 401, 408–409, 412, 424, 449,
461, 467, 469, 471, 473–475, 477,
479–481, 486, 494, 496–497, 504, 508,
512, 515–516, 519, 574, 576, 620,
637–638, 643, 646, 648, 657, 658, 669,
673, 681–684, 688, 689, 692, 702, 717,
740, 751, 766, 773, 779, 789, 829, 860,
867, 890, 931
protein, dormancy and, 173–174
respiratory, 2
Metal, 351, 647–648, 673–674, 751–768
heavy, uptake of, 351
subcellular localization, 753
Metal cations, toxic, 763–768
cadmium, 765–766
copper, 763–765
lead, 767–768
mercury, 766–767
nickel, 768
zinc, 766
Metal excess, 751–762
Metal ions, 673–674, 751–753
adverse effects of, 751–752
stress, protein induction, 673–674
uptake, 752–753
Metal resistance, 757
Metal toxicity, 647–648, 753–757
defense mechanisms against, 753–757
extracellular metal sequestration, 753–754
metal excretion, volatilization, 754
metallothioneins, 754
nitrogen absorption, 647–648
phytochelatins, 754958 INDEX