Medical Microbiology

190 3 GeneralBacteriology

Table3. 4 Continued:FrequentlyUsedAnti-InfectiveAgents

Class/activesubstance Remarks

Group 2

cefuroxime,cefotiam,

cefamandole

EffectiveagainstGram-positivebacteria;more

effectiveagainstGram-negativebacteriathan

Group1;stableinthepresenceofstaphylococci

penicillinases;stableinthepresenceofsome

betalactamasesofGram-negativebacteria

Group3a

cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,

ceftizoxime,cefmenoxime,

cefodizime

MuchmoreeffectivethanGroup 1 against

Gram-negativebacteria;stableinthepresenceof

numerousbetalactamasesofGram-negative

bacteria;showweakactivityagainststaphylococci

Group3b

Ceftazidime,cefepime,

cefpirome,cefoperazone

SpectrumofactionasinGroup3a;alsoeffective

againstPseudomonasaeruginosa

Furthercephalosporins

cefsulodin Narrowspectrumofaction;theonlytherapeuti-

callyrelevantactivityisthatagainstPseudomonas

aeruginosa

cefoxitin EffectiveagainsttheanaerobicBacteroidaceae;

activityagainstGram-negativebacteriaasin

Group2;insufficientactivityagainststaphylococci

Oralcephalosporins

ceflaclor,cefadroxil,

cephalexin,cefradine

Spectrumofactionsimilarascephalothin

cefpodoxime,cefuroxime

(axetil),cefixime,cefprozil,

cefdinir,cefetamet,

ceftibuten

Neweroralcephalosporinswithbroadspectraof

action

Chloramphenicol Broadspectrum,mainlybacteriostaticeffect;

riskofaplasticanemia

Diaminobenzylpyrimidine

trimethoprim Broadspectrum;inhibitionofdihydrofolicacid

reductase;frequentbactericidalsynergismwith

sulfonamides(e.g.,cotrimoxazole)

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme