Medical Microbiology

192 3 GeneralBacteriology

Table3. 4 Continued:FrequentlyUsedAnti-InfectiveAgents

Class/activesubstance Remarks

Monobactams Betalactamantibioticswithonlythebetalactam

ring(seefig.3. 29 ,p. 1 95)

aztreonam,carumonam GoodactivityagainstEnterobacteriaceae;

moderateefficacyagainstPseudomonas;veryhigh

levelofbetalactamasestability;noeffectagainst

Gram-positivebacteria

Nitrofurans

nitrofurantoin,furazolidone,

nitrofural,etc.

AgainstGram-positiveandGram-negativebacteria;

useonlyinurinarytractinfections

Nitroimidazoles

metronidazole,tinidazole,

omidazole

Activeagainstvariousprotozoansandobligate

anaerobicbacteria;bactericidaleffect

Oxalactams Betalactamantibioticswithoxygeninsteadof

sulfurinthesecondringsystem(seeFig.3. 29 ,

p. 1 95)

lamoxactam Broadspectrum;moderateefficacyagainst

Pseudomonas;poorefficacyagainstGram-positive

cocci;highlystableinthepresenceofbeta-

lactamases;alsoeffectiveagainstGram-negative

anaerobes

flomoxef NoactivityagainstPseudomonas;goodactivity

againststaphylococci;otherwiselikelamoxactam

clavulanicacid Onlyminimumantibacterialactivity;inhibitsbeta-

lactamases;usedincombinationwithamoxicillin

(Augmentin)

Oxazolidinones

linezolid OnlyagainstGram-positivebacteria;inhibitsbac-

terialtranslation;nocrossresistancewithother

translationinhibitors

Para-aminosalicylicacid(PAS) Onlyagainsttuberculosisbacteria;affectsfolicacid

biosynthesis

3

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme