Medical Microbiology

194 3 GeneralBacteriology

Table3. 4 Continued:FrequentlyUsedAnti-InfectiveAgents

Class/activesubstance Remarks

meropenem Likeimipenem,butstableagainstrenal

dehydropeptidase

Polypeptides

bacitracin OnlyagainstGram-positivebacteria;isonlyused

topically

PolymyxinB,colistin OnlyagainstGram-negativerodbacteria;neuro-

toxicity,nephrotoxicity

Rifamycins

rifampicin AgainstGram-positivebacteriaandtuberculosis

bacteria;mainlybacteriostatic;rapiddevelopment

ofresistance,forwhichreasoncombination

therapyisrecommended

Streptogramins

quinopristin/dalfopristin Fixedcombinationpreparationoftwo

streptogramins;effectivemainlyagainstGram-

positivebacteria

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

(cotrimoxazole) Fixedcombination;fivepartssulfamethoxazoleand

oneparttrimethoprim

Sulfonamides

sulfanilamide,

sulfamethoxazole,

sulfafurazole,etc.

Broadspectrum;bacteriostaticeffectonly;

resistancefrequent

Sulfones

dapsone diaminodiphenylsulfone;fortherapyofleprosy

Tetracyclines

doxycyclinetetracycline,

oxytetracycline,

rolitetracycline,minocycline

Broadspectrumincludingallbacteria,chlamydias,

andrickettsias;resistancefrequent;dentaldeposits

insmallchildren

3

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme