Medical Microbiology

Nematoda(Roundworms) 589

Table 1 0. 4 FilarialSpeciesCommonlyInfectingHumans

Speciesand

length(cm)

Distribution Vector Localization

ofadults

Microfilariae:

characteristics

andperiodicity

Pathology

Wuchereria

bancrofti

FF:2.4–4.0

ff:5.0– 1 0.0

Southeast

Asia,Pacific,

trop.Africa,

Caribbean,

trop.South

America

Mosqui-

toes:

Culex,

Anopheles,

Aedes

Lymphatic

system

24 4–2 96 lm,

sheathed,

inblood,

nocturnal,

diurnalor

subperiodic^2

Lymphangitis

andlymph-

adenitis,ele-

phantiasis

Brugia

malayi

FF:2.2–2.5

ff:4.3–6.0

Southand

EastAsia

Mosqui-

toes:

Anopheles,

Aedes,

Mansonia

Lymphatic

system

177 – 230 lm,

sheathed,in

blood,nocturnal

orsubperiodic

Lymphangitis

andlymph-

adenitis,ele-

phantiasis

Brugiatimori Indonesia Mosqui-

toes:

Anopheles

Nocturnal

periodic

Loaloa

FF:3.3–3.4

ff:5.0– 7 .0

Tropical

Africa

Flies:

Chrysops

Subcutaneous

connective

tissue

250 – 300 lm,

sheathed,in

blood,diurnal

periodic

Skinswel-

lings,infec-

tionofcon-

junctiva

Onchocerca

volvulus

FF:2.0–4.5

ff: 2 3 – 50

Africa,Central

andSouth

America

Blackflies:

Simulium

Subcutaneous

connective

tissue

221 – 358 lm,

unsheathed,

inskin,not

periodic

Skinno-

dules,der-

matitis,eye

lesions

Mansonella

perstans

FF:4.5

ff: 7 .0–8.0

Africa,South

America

Midges:

Culicoides

Peritoneal

andpleural

cavities

190 – 200 lm,

unsheathed,in

blood,nocturnal

subperiodic

Normally

apathogenic

Mansonella

streptocerca

FF:^3

f^3

Tropical

Africa

Midges:

Culicoides

Subcutaneous

connective

tissue

180 –24 0 lm,

unsheathed,

inskin,

notperiodic

Skinedema,

dermatitis

Mansonella

ozzardi

FF:^3

ff:6.5–8. 1

Centraland

SouthAmerica

Midges:

Culicoides

Peritoneal

cavity

173 – 240 lm,

unsheathed,

inblood(not

periodic)

Normally

apathogenic

(^1) SeeFig. 1 0. 1 fordetailsondifferentiationofmicrofilariae.
(^2) Subperiodic:periodicityisnotpronounced.
(^3) Noexactdataareavailable.
10
Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme