Medical Microbiology

600 10 Helminths

Table 1 0. 5 Trichinellaspecies

Trichinellaspecies

anddistribution

Cycle^1 andimportanthosts

(selection)

Characteristicsof

musclelarvae

R:Resistance

at–30 8 C, 12 h

T.spiralis Mainlysynanthropic,alsosylvatic. Withcapsule

Worldwide Domesticpig,rat,horse,wildboar,

camel,dog,redfox,bear,humans

R:low

T.britovi Mainlysylvatic,alsosynanthropic. Withcapsule

Temperatezoneofthe

palaearcticregion

Redfox,wolf,jackal,raccoondog,

wildcat,bears,badger,marten,

rodents,domesticpig,wildboar,

horse,humans

R:moderate

T.murrelli Sylvatic,alsosynanthropic. Withcapsule

Temperatezonein

NorthAmerica(US)

Bear,raccoon,redfox,coyote,

bobcat(Felisrufus),horse,humans

R:low

T.nativa Mainlysylvatic,alsosynanthropic. Withcapsule

Arcticandsubarctic

regions(northof

the–6 8 CJanuary

isotherm)

Polarfox,redfox,polarbear,

wolf,raccoondog,jackal,dog,

wildboar,humans

R:high

T.nelsoni Sylvatic. Withcapsule

Sub-SaharanAfrica,

Asia(Kazakhstan)

Hyena,warthog,wildboar,

domesticpig,humans

R:none

T.pseudospiralis Sylvatic. Withoutcapsule

Australia,India,

Caucasus,Kazakhstan,

US

Quoll(Dasyuridae),raccoon,

korsak(steppefox),rodents,bird

species,(birdsofpreyandothers),

humans

R:none

Trichinellapapuae Sylvatic. Withoutcapsule

PapuaNewGuinea Wildboar,domesticpig,humans R:?

Trichinellazimbabwensis Cycleinfarmedcrocodiles Withoutcapsule

Zimbabwe Experimentalhosts:pig,rat,

monkey

R:?

(^1) Animalsinvolved:synanthropiccycle:animalslivinginproximitytohumandwellings
(domesticanimals,ratsetc.);sylvaticcycle:wildanimals.
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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme