Medical Microbiology

Table 1 2. 5 GastrointestinalTract

Infection Mostimportant

pathogens

Laboratorydiagnosis

GastritistypeB

Gastriculceration

Duodenalulceration

Gastricadenocarcinoma

Gastriclymphoma(MALT)

Helicobacterpylori Directfecalantigen

detection

Biopsyandhistopathology

Ureabreathtest

Culturefrombiopsy

Serologyforscreening

Gastroenteritis/enterocolitis

Viruses Rotaviruses

Adenoviruses

Rarely:enteroviruses,

coronaviruses,astroviruses,

caliciviruses,Norwalkvirus

Directvirusdetection

withelectronmicroscopy

(referencelaboratories)

ordirectdetectionwith

immunologicalmethods

(e.g.,EIA)

Bacteria Staphylococcusaureusintoxi-

cation(enterotoxinsA-E)

Toxindetection(with

antibodies)infoodand

stool

Clostridiumperfringens

(foods)

Culture(quantitative)from

foodandstool

Vibrioparahaemolyticus

(food,marineanimals)

Culturefromstool

E.coli(EPEC,ETEC,EIEC,

EHEC,EAggEC)

Nosimpletestsavailable;

ifnecessary:culturefrom

stoolandidentificationof

pathovarsbymeansofDNA

assay;serovarmayprovide

evidence

Campylobacterjejuni Culturefromstool

Yersiniaenterocolitica Culturefromstool

Bacilluscereus Culturefromstool

Pseudomembranous

colitis(oftenantibiotic-

associated)

Clostridiumdifficile Toxindetection

(cellculture)instool.

DNAassayfortoxin

possible

Shigellosis(dysentery) Shigellaspp. Culturefromstool

638 12 EtiologicalandLaboratoryDiagnosticSummariesinTabularForm

12

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme