Cell walls are composed of proteins (chained amino acids), cholesterol
(inflammation protection) and phospholipids. When a cell becomes
weakened, these proteins and antigens change, which sends a signal for the
cell’s destruction. The outer body or cell wall changes, just as your skin
changes when the cells that comprise it begin to fail.
Immune Cell Response to Antigens (B-Cell Response)
LYMPHOCYTES — To activate a specific immune response, your
lymphocytes must be activated. This activation is triggered by an antigen (a
signal). Lymphocytes have antigen-binding receptors on their surfaces. These
receptors are specific in nature and are designed to bind specific antigens.
INTERLEUKINS — Interleukins, which are produced and released by
macrophages and helper T-cells, stimulate lymphocytes to divide after
antigens are captured (bound) to the lymphocyte (immune cell). Then:
The antigen is processed (neutralized and broken down) by macrophages
and B-cells.
Macrophages present the processed antigen to helper T-cells. Interleukin
is released, causing helper T-cells to divide, thus increasing their
numbers.
Helper T-cells combine with the B-cells (that originally processed the
antigen), resulting in the formation of cells that produce antibodies
against the antigen.Role of Protein “Markers”