Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

1098 STACK SAMPLING

TABLE 1

Parameters Test methods Conditions

Arsenic 108, 108A−C

Beryllium 103, 104 103 Screening

Carbon Disulfide 15

Carbon Monoxide 3, 10

Carbon Dioxide 3, 3A, 3B, 3A Instrumental

3C, 20

Carbonyl Sulfide 15

Condensible PM 202

Chromium 306, 306A Electroplating

Dioxins 23

Dry Molecular

Weight 3

Excess Air 3

Field Validation 301

Flow Rate 2 Volumetric

Flow Rate 2A Small stacks

Flow Rate 2B Gasoline Vapor Incin

Flow Rate 2C For small ducts

Flow Rate 2D For small ducts

Flow Rate 2E Landfill gas production

Fluoride (total) 13A, B, 14 AL plants

Fugitive Emissions 22

Gasoline Vapors 27 Leaks from Tanks

Halogenated Organic 307 Vapor from solvent cleaning

Hydrogen Chloride 26

Hydrogen Sulfide 11, 15

Lead 12 Inorganic

(continued )

methods approved by U.S. EPA for testing emissions from

sources subject to the New Source Performance Standards

(NSPS), found in 40 CFR Part 60, and the National Emissions

Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), found

at 40 CFR Parts 61 and 63. The methods themselves can be

found in the appendices to those regulations.

The U.S. EPA Test Methods may, of course, be used for

purposes other than NSPS or NESHAPS. However, their

applicability and validity may be unsure. The same is true for

methods developed by the states or by others. Many meth-

ods are completely appropriate for a given circumstance for

which they have been extensively verified (as have the EPA

methods for NSPS and NESHAPS). However, their validity

under other circumstances should always be questioned until

and unless their performance can be confirmed.

The descriptions presented here are valuable for develop-

ing general understanding of the equipment and procedures.

However, the methods should never be attempted without a

thorough reading and understanding of the methods them-

selves. Stack Testing is still a very complex process that

requires experience if useful results are to be obtained.

To assist in the selection of a Test Method, Table 1 lists

the parameters that can be measured, along with the appro-

priate methods.

Test Method 1

Test Method 1 is used to determine representative traverse

points for measuring solid or liquid pollutants and/or deter-

mine total volumetric flow rate from a stationary source. The

procedures described in this method are used to determine

the minimum number of points, the location of these points,

and whether the chosen points are free from cyclonic flow.

The Method contains a rote procedure for choosing point

locations that are at the centroids or equal area portions of

the stack cross section. This ensures equal weighting of all

flows into the average flow rate determination.

The minimum number of sampling points is determined

from Figure 1. This figure is applicable to both round and

rectangular ducts based on the distance from the nearest dis-

turbance, bend, exit o other obstruction which might disrupt

the flow of gas through the duct. The ducts must be at least

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