Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

AIR POLLUTION SOURCES 103

TABLE 18

Arsenic Releases from Production, Use, and Inadvertent

Sources (metric tons, 1979)

Source Air

Production

ASARCO, Tacoma 210

Use

Pesticides 1,500

Wood Preservatives neg

Glass Manufacture 10

Alloys c

Other 2

Inadvertent Sources

Fossil Fuel Combustion 2,000

Copper Production, 1°  2° 1,100

Lead Production, 1°  2° 230

Zinc Production 280

Iron and Steel 55

Aluminum Production —

Boron Production —

Phosphorous Production —

Manganese Production 10

Antimony Production —

Cotton Ginning 300

POTW —

Urban Runoff —

Inadvertent Releases from Mining and Milling —

Copper 110

Lead neg

Zinc —

Aluminum neg

Antimony neg

Coal —

Iron ore 3

Total 5,813

(Scow et al. , Little (Arthur, D.), Risk Assessment for Arsenic

(Revised) (Final Report), EPA 440/4-85/005, March 1982.)

Part 1. Pollutant Emissions (continued)

Pollutant types Sources and abundance Abatement and control

i. IRON: A ductile, malleable silver-white metallic

element, scarcely known in a pure condition, but

abundantly used in its crude or impure forms

containing carbon. Although inhalation of iron oxide

is believed to cause a benign pneumoconiosis, there

is growing concern about its synergistic effects with

sulfur dioxide and carcinogens. Iron particulates

may also act to reduce visibility.

Major sources: Iron and steel industry, sintering

plant, blast furnaces, gray iron cupolas (used

to melt gray iron), fuel sources (coal and oil),

and incineration.

Natural occurrence: Iron abounds in nature and

is an essential element for both animals and

plants. The iron content of the earth’s crust has

been calculated at 5.6%.

Control of emissions from the iron

and steel industry is being

accomplished through

improvements in steel processing.

Dust removal is accomplished by

high-efficiency electrostatic

precipitators, venturi type

scrubbers, or filters.

j. MANGANESE: A hard, brittle grayish-white

metallic element whose oxide (MnO 2 ) is a valuable

oxidizing agent, used as alloying agent in steel to

give it toughness. Although manganese (Mn) is one

Major sources: Air pollution by manganese arises

almost entirely from the manganese and steel

industries. Fumes from welding rods and organic

manganese compounds may also contribute to

Control of manganese from furnaces

is accomplished by various types of

collectors, including electrostatic

(continued)

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