Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE 1301

TABLE 6

Examples of natural waters

12 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Type

a

Stream

Stream

Stream

Lake Eric

Ground w

ater

Ground water

Ground water

Ground water

Ground w

ater

Ground water

Closed Basin lake

Types of rocks being drained

Granite

Quartzite

Sand-stone

b

Granite

Gabbro

plagioclase

Sand-stone

Shale

Limestone

Dolomite

Soda lake

pH

7.0

6.6

8.0

7.7

7.0

7.8

8.0

7.3

7.0

7.9

9.6

pNa

4.0

4.6

4.3

3.4

3.4

3.0

3.3

2.6

3.0

3.5

0.0

pK

4.7

5.1

4.8

4.3

4.0

4.5

4.0

4.2

3.7

—

1.7

pCa

4.0

4.3

3.1

3.0

3.5

3.1

3.0

2.5

2.7

2.8

4.5

pMg

4.6

5.1

4.0

3.4

3.8

3.2

3.5

2.5

3.4

2.8

4.6

pH

SiO 4

4

3.8

4.2

4.1

4.7

3.2

3.0

3.9

3.5

3.7

3.4

2.8

pHCO

3

3.6

4.0

2.9

2.7

2.9

2.5

2.6

2.1

2.3

2.2

0.4

pCl

5.3

5.8

5.3

3.6

4.0

3.5

3.7

4.0

3.2

3.3

0.3

PSO

4

4.5

4.7

3.7

3.6

4.2

4.0

3.2

2.2

3.4

4.7

2.0

—log

(ionic strength)

3.5

3.8

2.7

2.5

2.8

2.4

2.4

1.7

2.2

2.2

0.0

Note:

pX

=



log[

X].

a 1–3: “Small Streams in New Mexico,”

US Geol. Surv. Bull.,

1535F

(1961). 4: J. Kramer,

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,

29

921 (1965).

Types 5–10 are from

US Geol. Surv. Bull.,

440F

(1963).

5: Granite McCormick Co. (Table 1). 6: Harrisburg (Tab

le 2). 7: Home

Wood (Table 3). 8: Cuyahoga (Table 5). 9: Edwards limestone (T

able 6). 10: Precambrian dolomite (Table 7). 11: “Alber

t

Summer Lake Basin, Oregon,”

North. Ohio Geol.,

J. L. Rau, Ed., 1966, p. 181.

b With slate and limestone beds.Ref:

Stumm, W. and J. Morgan,

Aquatic Chemistry,

Wiley-Interscience, Ne

w York, 1981.

C023_004_r03.indd 1301C023_004_r03.indd 1301 11/18/2005 11:12:34 AM11/18/2005 11:12:34 AM