158 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
u x = Mean cell retention time, time
m = dx / X d t = Specific growth rate of microorganisms,
time– 1m (^) max = Maximum specific growth rate of microorgan-
isms, time– 1
D / ul = Reactor dispersion number, dimensionless
M / F = Microorganisms to food ratio in a reactor
d L /d t = Rate of waste utilization measured in terms of
BOD, mass per unit volume per unit time
d N /d t = Rate of growth in number of microorganisms,
Number per unit volume per unit time
d S /d t = Rate of substrate consumption, mass per unit
volume per unit time
∆ S / ∆ t = Mass of substrate utilized over one day, mass per
unit time
S T / ∆ t = Total mass of substrate applied over a period of
one day, mass per unit time
d X /d t = Rate of growth of mass of active microorganisms,
mass per unit volume per unit time
∆ X T / ∆ t = Total quantity of active biomass withdrawn daily,
mass per unit time
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