ECOLOGY OF PRIMARY TERRESTRIAL CONSUMERS 259
material and energy that are channeled through primary
consumers, as compared with autotrophic plants and decom-
poser organisms, the former play a vital role in the maintenance
of such a system, in that they accumulate and concentrate inor-
ganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium,
as well as many trace elements, which are otherwise thinly
dispersed in the environment. It has not been possible here to
present more than a superfi cial account of the role of primary
consumers, and indeed the study of these animals is still in
its early stages. But further observation and experimentation
in this aspect of ecology are clearly needed, if man is ever to
understand and manage wisely the world he lives in.
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FRANCIS C. EVANS
University of Michigan
ECOLOGY RADIATION: see RADIATION ECOLOGY
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