Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

PARTICULATE EMISSIONS 819

TABLE 1

Industrial process emissions expected to produce visually clear (or near clear) stack

Industrial classification Process Grains/ACF @Stack exit temp. (°F)

Utilities and industrial power plant fuel

fired boilers

Coal—pulverized 0.02 @ 260–320

Coal—cyclone 0.01 @ 260–320

Coal—stoker 0.05 @ 350–450

Oil 0.003 @ 300–400

Wood and bark 0.05 @ 400

Bagasse Fluid 0.04 @ 400

Fluid code 0.015 @ 300–350

Pulp and paper Kraft recovery boiler 0.02 @ 275–350

Soda recovery boiler 0.02 @ 275–350

Lime kiln 0.02 @ 400

Rock products—kiln Cement—dry 0.015 @ 450–600

Cement—wet 0.015 @ 450–600

Gypsum 0.02 @ 500

Alumina 0.02 @ 400

Lime 0.02 @ 500–600

Bauxite 0.02 @ 400–450

Magnesium oxide 0.01 @ 550

Steel Basic oxygen furnace 0.01 @ 450

Open hearth 0.01–0.015 ≈450–600

Electric furnace 0.015 @ 400–600

Sintering 0.025 @ 300

Ore roasters 0.02 @ 400–500

Cupola 0.015 @ 0.02 ≈250–400

Pyrites roaster 0.02 @ 400–500

Taconite roaster 0.02 @ 300

Hot scarfing 0.025 @ 250

Mining and metallurgical Zinc roaster 0.01 @ 450

Zinc smelter 0.01 @ 400

Copper roaster 0.01 @ 500

Copper reverberatory furnace 0.015 @ 550

Copper converter 0.01 @ 500

Aluminum—Hall process 0.075 @ 300

Soderberg process 0.003 @ 200

Ilmenite dryer 0.02 @ 300

Titanium dioxide process 0.01 @ 300

Molybdenum roaster 0.01 @ 300

Ore beneficiation 0.02 @ 400

Miscellaneous Refinery cataly stregenerator 0.015 @ 475

Incinerators—Municipal 0.015 @ 500

Apartment 0.02 @ 350

Spray drying 0.01 @ 400

Precious meal—refining 0.01 @ 400

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