Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

864 PCBs AND ASSOCIATED AROMATICS

Versar Inc.; ‘The Handling and Disposal of PCBs from

Repairs of Electrical Transformers’; EPA contract No. 68–

01–3259, December 5, 1975.

Westinghouse; ‘Instructions for Inerteen ® Insulating

Fluid P.D.S. 54201 CM and Installation and Maintenance

of Inerteen Transformers’; Power Transformer Division,

Sharon, PA; IB 45-063-99B, September 1968.

Westinghouse; Supplement to ‘Instructions for Inerteen ®

Insulating Fluid P.D.S. 54201 CM and Installation and

Maintenance of Inerteen Transformers’ entitled ‘Inerteen and

Environmental Contamination’; Power Transformer Division,

Sharon, PA; Supplement to IB 45-063-99B; September 1968.

Westinghouse; ‘Instructions for Handling Inerteen ®

Insulating Fluid P.D.S. 54201 CM and Installation and

Maintenance of Inerteen Transformers’; Power Transformer

Division; I.B. 45-063-99C, August 1971.

Westinghouse; Sharon Division; ‘Instructions for

Shipment Installation & Storage of Oil-Filled Power

Transformers’; Sharon units publication number I.L. 48-

069-43., September 1972.

Westinghouse; ‘Instructions for Handling Inerteen

Insulating Fluid P.D.S. 54201 CM and Installation and

Maintenance of Inerteen Transformers’; Small Power

Transformer Division; I.B. 45-063-99D; February 1976a.

Westinghouse; ‘Instructions for Handling Inerteen

Insulating Fluid P.D.S. 54201 CM and Installation and

Maintenance of Inerteen Transformers’; Small Power

Transformer Division; I.B. 45-063-99E; June 1976b.

Wheeler, E.P.; Monsanto letter; March 3, 1969.

Wiener, G.W.; Westinghouse confidential internal memo

Re. ‘Minutes of PCB Status’; December 28, 1971.

PROPERTIES OF PCBs

The more chlorine used in the manufacture of PCBs

the greater the viscosity of the product and the greater its

resistance to heat, moisture and electrical degradation. The

properties of PCBs which are the most important from the

point of view of usage and environmental exposure risk

are as follows:

• PCBs are heat stable and have no flash or fire
  point;


• very chemically stable and unreactive;


• excellent dielectric fluids;


• only slightly soluble in water, very soluble in oils
  and organic solvents;


• Very low volatility in air;


• highly lipophilic. (Table 5, 6, 7, 8)

TABLE 5

State properties of PCB homologous series

PCB Homologous Series Physical State Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Vapor Pressure (Pa at 25°C)

Biphenyl S 71 256 4.9

Monochlorobiphenyl S/L 25–77.9 285 1.1

Dichlorobiphenyl S/L 24.4–149 312 0.24

Trichlorobiphenyl S/L 28–87 337 0.054

Tetrachlorobiphenyl S/L 47–180 360 0.012

Pentachlorobiphenyl S/L 76.5–124 381 2.6  10 ^3

Hexachlorobiphenyl S/L 77–150 400 5.8  10 ^4

Heptachlorobiphenyl S/L 122.4–149 417 1.3  10 ^4

Octachlorobiphenyl S/L 159–162 432 2.8  10 ^5

Nonachlorobiphenyl S/L 182–206 445 6.3  10 ^6

Decachlorobiphenyl S 305.9 456 1.4  10 ^6

S  solid.

L  liquid.

TABLE 6

Fluid properties of PCB homologous series

Viscosity

PCB Homologous Series Specific

Gravity

mPa.s

at 25°C

Universal

Saybolts at 25°C

Biphenyl 1.0 17 78

Monochlorobiphenyl 1.1 20 80

Dichlorobiphenyl 1.3 28 100

Trichlorobiphenyl 1.4 56 190

Tetrachlorobiphenyl 1.5 200 610

Pentachlorobiphenyl 1.5 1.5  10 ^3 4.4  103

Hexachlorobiphenyl 1.6 2.9  104 8.2  104

Heptachlorobiphenyl 1.7  106  106

Octachlorobiphenyl 1.7  106  106

Nonachlorobiphenyl 1.8  106  106

Decachlorobiphenyl 1.8  106  106

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