272 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Different Stages or Source Method
- Primary Stage
According to Dr. Keatings original sources can be used for creating atmosphere in the
lower forms as such a use does not necessitate any great exposition. For example, reading
of Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama will make the pupils realize the atmosphere lead to his
death. Reading of couplets of Bhakti movement will help them to realize the causes leading
to it.
- Secondary Stage
Sources can be profitably used in the secondary stage to encourage pupils to collect,
examine and correlate the facts and to compare and rationalize different conflicting accounts
of characters. To begin with the exercise should be fairly simple.
Following points should be borne in mind to achieve satisfactory- The children themselves must read an original source carefully. The source book
is not available to all the pupils. Cyclostyled copies of the extracts should be pasted
on the blackboard to be copied by them. - Use of Library after the oral work by the teacher is over the pupils should go to
study the source books in the library - Now a separate time should be fixed when the teacher, along with his pupils, could
discuss the sources. - After the discussion is over, the teacher may give the assignment to the pupils. At
the initial stage it is better to give a little practice in giving well-considered answers.
The pupils should be asked to write their own impressions and inferences.
Use of Sources at Various Stages of the Lesson
- At the pre-lesson stage sources can be used to motivate the pupils for a particular
lesson. For example, while dealing with the Ranaissance Movements in India and
highlighting its causes the teacher may quote Raja Ram Mohan Ray and Keshab
Chandra Sen. To prepare the pupils for the study of Bhakti Movement he may
recite a number of couplets of Bhakti saints. - Sources can be used for developing the lesson. For example, the teacher may quote
the following extracts from the accounts of Hieun Tsang while teaching about the
people of India during Harsha’s period. - Although they are naturally light-minded, yet they are upright and honorable.
They are not deceitful in their conduct and are faithful in their oaths and promises.
In their rules of government, there is remarkable rectitude. - Such extracts may create more appeal they may impart reality and vividness to the
lesson and reinforce the impact of teaching. As curiosity of the pupils is whetted
they are eager to learn more and more. - Sources can be used when the teacher finishes the lesson he may give to the
students interesting and useful extracts from the original or secondary sources.
The students may be asked to write answers to some questions on this basis.
Sources are particularly useful for the gifted students who can be encouraged to