Biology Questions and Answers

Biology Questions and Answers

25. Which are the three parts
    of the small intestine?

The small intestine is divided into three
portions: dileum. uodenum, jejunum and

26. By generally dividing food
    into carbohydrates, fats and
    proteins and considering the
    digestive process until the
    pylorus (exit of stomach),
    which of these mentioned
    types of food have already
    undergone chemical
    digestion?

Until the exit of the stomach,carbohydrates, in the mouth, and (^)
proteins, in the stomach, have already
undergone chemical breaking bydigestive enzymes. Carbohydrates hav (^) e
suffered action of the salivary amylase
(ptyalin)action of the enzyme pepsin of the and proteins have suffered
gastric juice. Fats, until reaching the
duodenum, do not undergo chemicaldigestion.

27. What is the substance
    produced in the liver that acts
    in the small intestine during
    digestion? How does that
    substance act in the digestive
    process?

Bile, an emulsifier liquid, is made by the
liver and later stored within the

gallbladder and released in the

duodenum.

Bile is composed of bile salts,

cholesterol aare detergents, amphiphilic molecules,nd bile pigments. Bile salts

i.e., molecules with a polar water-

soluble portion and a non-polar fat-soluble portion. This feature allows bile

salts to enclose fats inside water-soluble

micelles iemulsificationn a process called for them to be in contact (^)
with intestinal lipases, enzymes that
break fats into simpler glycerol. fatty acids and

28. What is the adnexal organ
    of the digestive system in
    which bile is stored? How
    does this organ react to the
    ingestion of fat rich food?
    Bile is concgallbladder.entrated and stored in the
    When fat rich gallbladder contractsfoods are ingested to release btheile
    inside the duodenum. (This is the

reason wmust not ingest fattyhy patients with gallstones food, the reactive (^)
contraction of the gallbladder may move
some of the stones to blocking the duct that draithe point ofns bile into (^)
the duodenum, causing pain and
possible severe complications.)

29. What are the digestive
    functions of the liver?

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