Biology Questions and Answers

(Greg DeLong) #1

Biology Questions and Answers


The gas exchange units of the
mammalian lungs are the alveoli.



  1. What is the physical
    process through which gas
    exchange is accomplished in
    the pulmonary alveoli?


The gas exchange (entry of oxygen and
exit of carbon dioxide) in the pulmonaryalveoli occurs by simple diffusion in
favor of the partial pressure gradient.
When the oxygen partial prinhaled air is higher than the oxygenessure in the


partial pressure of the capillariesalveoli the air diffuses to the circulatory of the (^)
system. If the oxygen partial pressure
in the air is lower (a rare situation sincethe blood that reaches the alveoli is
venous blood) the oxygen exits the
circulatory system.carbon dioxide. The same is true for



  1. What is the structure of
    the central nervous system
    that regulates pulmonary
    respiration?


The pulmonary rby the neural respiratory ceespiration is conter locatentrolledd (^)
within the medulla (the lower part of the
brain continuous to the spinal cord).



  1. What is the chemical
    equation of the formation of
    bicarbonate from carbon
    dioxide and water? What is
    the enzyme that catalyzes this
    reaction?
    The chemical equation of the chemical


equilibrium obicarbonate having as reagents carbonf the formation of (^)
dioxide and water is as follows:
CO 2 + H 2 0 --> H 2 CO 3 --> H+ + HCO 3 -
The reaction is catalyzed carbonic anhydrase present in by the enzymered blood (^)
cells.



  1. What are the
    consequences of shifting the
    chemical equilibrium of the
    formation of bicarbonate from
    carbon dioxide and water
    towards the increase of
    product (bicarbonate)
    formation?
    The increase in product formation in the
    chemical equilibrium obicarbonate from carbon dioxide andf the formation o f
    water heightens the concentration of
    hydrogen ions and thus lowthe solution. ers the pH of


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