Biology Questions and Answers
- How do kidneys
participate in the regulation of
the acid-basic equilibrium of
the body? How are alkalosis
and acidosis respectively
corrected by the kidneys?
Kidneys can regulate the acidity or
alkalinityexcretion o of the plasma varying f hydrogen and bicarbonatethe (^)
ions.
In alkalosis (abnormally high level of
the plasma pmore bicarbonate anH) the kidneys excreted the equilibrium of (^)
formation of bicarbonate from water
and carbon dioxide shifts towarformation of more hydrogen ions andds (^)
bicarbonate and then the plasma pH is
lowered. When the body undergoesacidosis (abnormal low level of the
plasma pH) the kidneys excrete more
hydrogen ions and retain bicarbonate thus the equilibrium omore (^) f
formation of bicarbonate from water
and carbon dioxide shifts towarhydrogen consumption and the plasmads more
pH is increased.
- How do kidneys
participate in the blood
volume control? How is the
blood volume of the body
related to the arterial
pressure?
The kidneys and the hormones that actupon them are the main physiological
regulators of the total blood volume of
the body. As more water is resothe nephron tubules the more the bloodrbed in (^)
volume increases; as more water is
excreted in urine the more the blood
volume lowers.
The blood volume in its turn has a direct
relation to bpressure increaslood pressure. es when the bloodThe blood
volume increases and it lowers when
the blood volume lowers. That is threason why one of the main groups ofe (^)
antihypertensive drugs is the diuretics.
Doctors often prescribe hypertensive patients to ediuretics for thexcrete more
water and thus lower their blood
pressure.
- Which are the three
hormones that participate in
the regulation of the renal
function?
Antidiuretic hormone (or ADH, or
vasopressin), aldnatriuretic factor (or osteronANF) are hormonese and atrial (^)
that participate in the regulation of the
excretory system.
- What is the function of the
antidiuretic hormone? Where
is it made and which are the
stimuli that increase or reduce
its secretion?
The antidiuretic hormone is secreted by
the hypophysis (also known as pituitary)and it acts in the nephron tubules
increasing the resorption of water.
When the body needs to for example, in cases of blood loss andretain water, (^)
abrupt blood pressure lowering or in
cases of abnormally high blood
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