Biology Questions and Answers

(Greg DeLong) #1

Biology Questions and Answers


polarization of the membrane is


achieved. The voltagsodium channels then close ane-dependentd more (^)
voltage-dependent potassium channels
open. Potassiumin favor of the concentration ions then exit the cellgradient
and the potential difference of the
membrane decreases, a process calledrepolarization.
The action potential triggers the electrical phenomenon in neighboringsame
regions of the plasma membrane and
the impulse is thdendrites to the terminal reus transmittedgion of the from the
axon.



  1. What is the excitation
    threshold of a neuron? How
    does this threshold relate to
    the “all-or-nothing” rule of the
    neural transmission?


The excitationthe depolarization lev threshold of a neuron isel that must be


caused by a stimulus to bas a neural impulse. This vale transmittedue is about (^)
–50 mV.
The transmissionalong the neuronal membrane obeys an of the neural impulse (^)
all-or-nmaximum othing rule: or it happens withintensity or nothing happens. (^)
Always and only when the excitation
threshold is reached the depolarizationcontinues and the membrane reaches
its maximum possible positive
polarization, aexcitation threshold is not reachedbout +35 mV. If the (^)
nothing happens.



  1. How does the
    depolarization of the neuronal
    membrane start?
    The primary causdepolarization is the of the neuronale binding of


neurotransmitterssynapse (by the axon released in theof the neuron that (^)
sent the signal) to specific receptors in
the membrane of the neuron that isreceiving the stimulus. The binding of (^)
neurotransmitters to those receptors is
a reversible pmembrane permeability of henomenon that alters ththe region e
since the binding causes sodichannels to open. When positive sodium (^) um
ions enter the cell in favor of their
concentration gvoltage increases, thus lesseninradient, the memg thebrane
negative polarization. If this
depolarization rthreshold (about –50 eaches thmV) thee excitation
depolarization continues, the action
potential is reactransmitted along the cell membrane.hed and the impulse is



  1. How different are the
    concepts of action potential,
    resting potential and
    excitation threshold
    concerning neurons?
    Action potential is the maximum
    positive voltage neuron in the process of neuronallevel achieved by the
    activation, around + 35 mV. The action
    potential triggers ththe neighboring regions oe depolarization of the plasmaf
    membrane and thus ththe impulse along the neuron.e propagation of


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