Biology Questions and Answers

(Greg DeLong) #1

Biology Questions and Answers



  1. What are the pancreatic
    tissues involved respectively
    in the exocrine and endocrine
    secretions? What are their
    respective hormones and
    enzymes?


The exocrine secretion of the pancreas
is produced in the pancreaticaggregates of secretory cells that acini,
surround small exocrine ducts. The
exocrine enzymes of the pancreatic juice:pancreas secretes digestive
amylase, lipascarboxypeptidase, rie, trypsin, chymbonuclease,otrypsin,
deoxyribonuclease, elastase and
gelatinase.
The endocrine secretion of the pancreas


is produced and secretgroups of cells dispersed throughout thed by small (^) e
organ called islets of Langerhans. The
pancreaticand somatostatin. islets make insulin, glucagon



  1. What is the importance of
    the glucose blood level for
    human health?


The glucose blood level (glycemia) mbe kept normal. If it is abnormally lowust


there is not enough glucose to sthe energetic metabolism of the cells. Ifupply (^)
it is abnormally and chronically high it
causes snerves, the skin, the retina, thevere harm to the peripherale kidneys (^)
and other important organs and it may
predispose (acute myocardial into cardiovascularfarction, diseases strokes,
thrombosis, etc). If it is acutely too high
medical emergencies like ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemicdiabetic (^)
hyperosmolar state may occur.



  1. What are the functions of
    insulin and glucagon for the
    blood glucose control?
    Glucagoreduces it.n increases glycemia a They are antagonisticnd insulin
    pancreaticstimulating g hormones. Glucagon lycogenolysis and thusacts
    forming glucose from glycogen


breaking. Insulin responsible for the entrance is the hormoneof glucose (^)
from the blood into the cells.
When glycemia is low, for example,
during fasting, glinsulin is inhibited. When glycemia isucagon is secreted and
high, as after meals, there are inhibition
of glucagon and more secretion oinsulin. f



  1. What are the target
    organs upon which insulin and
    glucagon act?


GlucagoInsulin acts in general upon all cells.n mainly acts upon the liver. (^)
Both also act upon the adipose tissue
respectively stimulating (inhibiting (insulin) the use of fatty acidsglucagon) and (^)
in the energetic metabolism (an
alternate patmetabolism is activatedh of the energetic when there is (^)
shortage of glucose).



  1. What are the effects of
    somatostatin for the
    pancreatic hormonal
    secretion?
    Somatostatinglucagon secretio inhibits both insulin anns. d


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